Disclaimer: The note/s given
below is/ are a compilation of information taken from various sources. The
references to the sources are provided at the end. The views expressed in the
note/s are those of the concerned student/s/ intern/s. The blogger or the
compiler will not be responsible in any manner whatsoever regarding the
authenticity of the information provided in the note/s.
These notes are
being compiled to help the students for educational purposes during Covid-19
pandemic.
"In India's
remote villages there are many who, after the day's work is done, find time
hanging heavily...and there must be many officials whose duties carry them into
out-of-way places, where they crave the company of friends and solace of human
companionship. To all these and many more broadcasting will be a blessing and
boon of real value."
- Lord Irwin, Viceroy of India
● In India, the broadcasting media marked its beginning in the 1920s. Precisely, in June 1923, under the British Raj, the Radio Club of Bombay made the first-ever broadcast in the country.
●
In July 1927, the private Indian Broadcasting
Company Ltd led to the establishment of the first radio station - the Bombay
Station which began on July 23, 1927, followed by the second on 26 August 1927
i.e. the Calcutta Station.
●
However, the company witnessed liquidation in
1930 and the government took over the broadcasting facilities. Indian State
Broadcasting Service began (ISBS) on April 1, 1930.
●
While it was established on an experimental
basis, it went on to become All India Radio on 8 June 1936.
“All India Radio
was worldwide.”
-Ajay Naidu, American Actor
❖
June 8, 1930, is a golden mark for broadcasting
in India. On this day, the ISBS was renamed All India Radio.
❖
This very term was coined by Sir Lionel Fielden.
He was the first broadcasting controller of India. A senior producer in BBC, he
spent five years in India and is one of the main people of established All
India Radio.
AKASHVANI
MYSORE
❖
The first private radio station was set up in
Mysore - Akashvani Mysore.
THE
‘KICKSTART’ MILESTONE
❖
The real breakthrough was achieved in 1936, when
the first news bulletin from the Delhi Station went on-air on 19 January. The
bulletin was both in English and Hindustani and also talked about the current
affairs from the station.
THE
ICONIC TUNE
❖
The legendary tune of All India Radio was
composed by Walter Kaufmann. A Czech national, Walter came to India at the age
of 27 as a refugee.
❖
From 1936 to 1946, Walter worked at AIR as the
music director and composed the iconic signature tune with the renowned Indian
orchestra conductor Mehli Mehta, who played violin for it.
Stream
All India Radio Signature Tune by tajmahalfoxtrot1 | Listen online for free on
SoundCloud
‘While millions
are familiar with the tune, few are aware that it was created by the most
improbable source - a Czech Jewish refugee fleeing the Nazis in Europe!’
THE
FIRST NATIONAL MUSIC PROGRAMME
❖
The first national music program by All India
Radio was broadcasted on July 20, 1952.
VIVIDH
BHARTI - INDIA’S ALL-TIME FAVORITE
“It is a telling
statement that in the era of the unstoppable onslaught of satellite television,
radio rules in a vast part of India. No other single programme has beamed
itself across the country, for more than 30 uninterrupted years, as had Vividh
Bharati. The entertainment programme, presenting a mix of film music, skits,
short plays, and other features, broadcasts 24 hours countrywide. This is much
greater than the present reach of FM radio, restricted to metros. Not just,
longevity, Vividh Bharati is about bringing connectivity and entertainment to
India’s masses that need only to fork out less than Rs. 200/- for a tiny
receiver to feel like they belong in the greater scheme of things, that there’s
some joy in life in India’s vast rural beyond.”
-
India Today
❖
One of the most popular services provided by the
All India Radio - Vividh Bharti was inaugurated on 3rd October 1957.
❖ Vividh Bharti of All India Radio is the largest
entertainment network in the country since its very establishment in 1957.
❖ ‘Jaimala’, ‘Hawamahal’, ‘Inse Miliye’, ‘Sangeet
Sarita’, ‘Bhoole Bisre Geet’, ‘Chitralok’, ‘Chhayageet’ are a few of the
many popular programmes which were and are part of the listener’s daily life,
generation after generation.
❖
On 5th October 2008, Vividh Bharti Programmes
were made available on DTH, making it a 24-hour popular music channel.
❖
Vividh Bharti’s wide network consists of 37
centers and some Local Radio Stations and reaches more than 97% population of
the country.
❖
Even in the neighboring countries, Vividh Bharti
Programmes are highly popular. Listeners listen to it through short-wave
networks and regularly send appreciation letters to All India Radio.
❖
The one-of-its-kind music countdown show Binaca
Geetmala was earlier broadcasted on Radio Ceylon from 1952 to 1988 and was
later shifted to the Vividh Bharati network in 1989. It ran until 1994.
❖
The well-known radio presenter Ameen Sayani
gained immense popularity through this programme.
Ameen Sayani... Memories of Binaca Geetmala
CHE GUEVERA - ON AIR WITH
K.P. BHANUMATHY
❖ Che Guevera, an Argentine Marxist Revolutionary visited India in 1959 and had an exclusive interview on All India Radio with K.P. Bhanumathy.
WHAT LED TO ‘AKASHVANI’
❖
Akashvani is a Sanskrit word that means ‘voice
from the heaven’ or ‘celestial announcement’.
❖
Akashvani was first used by M.P. Gopalaswamy when
he set up the country’s first private radio station in his residence - ‘Vittal
Vihar’ in 1936.
❖
Moreover, Akashvani was used in the context of
radio.
❖
The term ‘Akashvani’ was suggested by the very
famous poet Rabindranath Tagore through a poem penned in 1938 for the
inauguration of Calcutta’s shortwave service.
❖
However, the name gathered wide acceptance only
after 1956 when India’s Public Radio Broadcaster - All India Radio adopted
Akashvani as its on-air name.
THE FIRST-EVER FM SERVICE
❖
The first-ever FM Service marked its beginning on
July 23rd, 1977 in Madras, now known as Chennai.
❖
Time Slots on FM Channel to Private Parties
started in 1993 in Delhi and Mumbai. This marked the revolution in FM Radio
Stations in India.
BIG B
ON AIR
❖
It may not be known to many, but India’s greatest
superstar Mr. Amitabh Bachchan interviewed for All India Radio as a radio
announcer.
❖
Known for his deep baritone, it is quite
surprising that Mr. Bachchan was rejected by an AIR employee Mr. Ameen Sayani.
“I was rejected
for the job in All India Radio because of my heavy voice.”
-
Amitabh Bachchan,
actor
❖
While Sayani went on to become a popular radio
announcer, Amitabh Bachchan switched to the movie industry.
❖
Indirectly, All India Radio gave India its all-time
superstar.
➔
The FM Broadcasting in India began in 1977 but
boomed only after the 2000s, with the privatization of the Broadcasting
Industry.
➔
Private Participation wasn’t authenticated by the
government until 1993. The government started an experimental initiative with a
daily 2-hour slot in big cities like Delhi and Mumbai.
➔
The first phase of private sector participation
came in 2001when India’s radio sector began to expand. The government conducted
open auctions for radio licenses.
➔
108 licenses were issued in total, out of which
only 22 became operational in 12 cities of the country.
➔
On paper, Radio City Banglore is the first
private radio station in India established on July 3, 2001.
➔
The major private radio stations in India are
Entertainment Network India Limited which hosts Radio Mirchi, BIG FM 92.7,
Jagran Prakashan Group's, Music Broadcast Limited which hosts Radio City
(Indian radio station)|Radio City, D B Corp Ltd. which hosts My FM & Sun
Network which hosts Red FM. Currently, 371 private FM stations are operating
across 107 cities in India. Out of these, 31 are operated by micro, small &
medium enterprises (MSMEs).
➢
Community radio is a type of radio service that
caters to the interests of a specific area, broadcasting material that has
relevance to a local audience.
➢
In the UK, it originated in the illegal pirate
radio stations whereas in America, as well as in India, community radio is more
commonly non-profit and non-commercial, often using licensed class-D FM band
transmitters.
➢
Community Radio was not legal in India till 2002.
There had been a campaign by free speech advocates, academics, and community
members across the country to get community radio legalized.
TURNING POINT FOR COMMUNITY RADIO
●
The turning point was a 1995 ruling of the Supreme
Court in which the honorable court said that the “airwaves are public property
and must be used for the public good”.
●
This 1995 ruling was the foundation stone of
community radio in India. Immediately after the ruling came out, the civil
society groups formulated and adopted a Bangalore Declaration, in which the
need for a third tier of broadcasting, i.e. community radio was articulated.
●
This was followed up by a Pastapur Declaration in
2000 which reiterated the need for community radio and also asserted that it
ought to be non-profit making, localized, and community-owned. These two
declarations played important role in the development of the Community Radio
movement in India.
●
In December 2002, the Government of India
approved policy for the grant of licenses for setting up of Community Radio
Stations to well-established educational institutions including IITs/IIMs.On 1
February 2004, Anna FM was launched as India's first campus “community” radio
station by the students of Anna University.
●
In 2006, the Government of India amended the
community radio policy which allowed the agricultural universities, educational
institutions, and civil society institutions such as NGOs to apply for a
community radio broadcasting license under the FM band 88–108 MHz.
●
The first NGO-operated community Radio in India
was Sangham Radio licensed to Deccan Development Society which started
broadcasting in 2008 in Pastapur village, Medak district, Andhra Pradesh.
●
The government of India announced in November
2019 that 118 new community radio stations are in the process of setting up.
●
Currently, India has 262 Community radio stations
serving Farmer, Tribal, Coastal communities, ethnic minorities, and special
interests.
COMMUNITY RADIO
STATIONS FIGHT COVID 19
Source: Times of India
At a time when misinformation had taken over the social media
messaging, six community radio stations in Uttarakhand have come together under
the banner of Umeed Network or Hope to provide relevant locally produced that
provides valuable insights to the listens and fights fake news. These range
from information related to new quarantine rules, locally available nutritious
food, stress-busting techniques, educational programs, and entertainment.
●
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
●
Prasar Bharti
●
Vividh Bharti
●
Community Radio in India
●
Times of India
●
India Toda
●
Indian Express
● “Community Radio
in India.”
https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/community-radio-india.
● “Facts about
Indian Radio.”
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/10-facts-history-indian-radio-aniruddha-pawade.
● “Indian Express.”
https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/riding-the-waves-a-shared-history/.
● “India Today.”
https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/80-years-of-air-remembering-the-golden-days-of-all-india-radio-12987-2016-06-08.
● “Ministry of Information
and Broadcasting.”
https://www.mib.gov.in/broadcasting/community-radio-stations-0.
● “Prasar Bharti.”
https://prasarbharati.gov.in/all-india-radio-2/#1588508332867-217ff0f1-f4fe.
● “Vividh Bharti.”
https://prasarbharati.gov.in/vividh-bharati-2/.
Compiled and
Edited by
Tanya Pratap
Batch of 2023
B.A. (Hons.) Journalism
Lady Shri Ram College for Women, New Delhi
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