22 November, 2025: National Consultation by National Commission for Women in Port Blair, A&N Islands

 22 November, 2025: National Consultation by National Commission for Women in Port Blair, A&N Islands

2025

The opening ceremony of Juxtapose 2025 commenced with a nostalgic note, showing memories from the past years on screen. 

The distinguished faculty and student union of the journalism department at Lady Shri Ram College for Women welcomed the esteemed panelists—Dr. Samir Kapur (Senior Director, Adfactors), Dr. Anubhuti Yadav (Head, New Media Department, IIMC), and Shri Rajeev Kumar Shukla (Deputy Director General, All India Radio). 

With an encapsulating story narrated by the Head of Department, Dr. Vartika Nanda about the dichotomies of the media world, the room was captivated. What followed was an engaging and illuminating panel discussion, where the speakers offered their nuanced insights and critical thought on the theme “The Fifth Estate” reflecting on the ways in which media shapes, mediates, and reframes our reality in an increasingly hyper-connected world.

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TABLOID PRESS

The tabloid press refers to a type of popular and largely sensationalistic journalism that emphasizes stories related to human interest, scandals, crime, entertainment, and celebrity life. Unlike traditional broadsheet journalism, which focuses on in-depth political, economic, and analytical reporting, tabloid journalism is designed to attract a mass audience by simplifying content and appealing to readers’ emotions. It highlights drama, emotion, and entertainment rather than detailed analysis or objective interpretation.

The term “tabloid” originally described a small newspaper format, roughly half the size of a traditional broadsheet. However, over time, it came to signify not just the physical size but also a distinct journalistic style characterized by bold headlines, large photographs, concise stories, and emotional appeal. The tabloid format made newspapers more compact, affordable, and accessible to the general public, especially to readers who preferred quick, visually engaging news over lengthy articles.

Interestingly, the origin of the word “tabloid” lies outside the field of journalism. The term was first used in the pharmaceutical industry by the British company Burroughs Wellcome & Co. in 1884. It was coined as a trademark for compressed medicine tablets and was formed by combining the words tablet and alkaloid. These tabloid pills symbolised something small yet concentrated—a powerful substance in a compact form. Over time, this concept of “compression” was metaphorically transferred to the world of news reporting. Journalists began to describe a new style of writing that condensed lengthy reports into short, lively, and attention-grabbing pieces, giving rise to what we now call tabloid journalism.

This compressed and entertaining news format soon became immensely popular. Readers were drawn to newspapers that presented information in a simple, direct, and emotionally engaging manner. The tabloid press used short articles, striking visuals, catchy headlines, and accessible language to appeal to a wide range of readers, including those who were less educated or had limited time to read lengthy reports. Rather than focusing on policy discussions or complex data, tabloid stories sought to capture attention and evoke emotion, often by focusing on personal stories, crime incidents, tragedies, and celebrity lives.

As the 20th century progressed, the tabloid press evolved into a powerful form of mass communication, shaping how people consumed information. Its focus on human drama and sensational events made it both popular and controversial. While critics accused it of promoting superficiality and sensationalism, supporters argued that it democratized journalism by making news more accessible and entertaining to ordinary readers.

In modern times, the concept of tabloid journalism has expanded beyond print media. It now includes television, online news portals, and social media platforms, all of which reflect the same values of immediacy, visual appeal, and emotional engagement. Today’s digital media Through viral headlines, celebrity updates, and entertainment-driven content carries forward the legacy of the tabloid press.

HISTORY OF TABLOID PRESS

The tabloid press began in the early 20th century as a new type of newspaper designed to attract a wide audience. The word “tabloid” originally referred to a smaller paper size compared to the large broadsheet newspapers. However, it soon came to describe not just the format but also the style of journalism — short, exciting, and focused on entertainment.

The first true tabloid newspaper is often said to be the New York Daily News, launched in 1919 in the United States. It introduced big headlines, striking photographs, and stories about crime, celebrities, and scandals. People liked it because it was easy to read and full of dramatic stories. Other papers quickly followed this new trend, realizing it could increase sales.

In Britain, tabloids became popular in the 1920s and 1930s, with papers like the Daily Mirror and The Sun later becoming well-known examples. These newspapers focused on human interest stories, sports, and gossip rather than serious political news. During the late 20th century, tabloids grew even more powerful, influencing public opinion and popular culture.

Today, the tabloid press continues to play a big role in the media world. While some criticize it for exaggerating stories or invading people’s privacy, others say it provides entertainment and brings news to people who might not read traditional newspapers. The style of the tabloid press has also spread online, where sensational headlines and celebrity stories are now common on many news websites.

CHARACTERISTICS

Smaller size: Traditionally printed in a smaller format than broadsheets (easier to hold and read).

•Bold headlines: Large, eye-catching headlines, often using sensational or emotional language.

•Lots of photos: Heavy use of images, celebrity pictures, and dramatic visuals.

• Colourful layout: Bright colours and varied fonts to attract readers’ attention.

•Celebrity gossip: News about famous people, scandals, and entertainment.

•Human interest stories: Emotional or unusual real-life stories that appeal to readers’ feelings.

•Crime and scandal: Dramatic coverage of crimes, scandals, and accidents.

•Sports and entertainment: Emphasis on lighter, leisure-related topics.

•Less political or economic news: When covered, such stories are simplified and dramatised.

•Simplified language: Easy to read, using short sentences and an informal tone.

•Sensationalism: Exaggerated or dramatic presentation to attract attention.

•Subjective tone: Opinions and emotional appeals often included.

•Puns and wordplay: Clever or humorous headlines and captions.

             •Focus on readership and sales: Stories chosen for entertainment value rather than public importance 

•Questionable accuracy: Facts may be exaggerated or distorted.

•Less investigative depth: Articles are shorter and less analytical.

EXAMPLES OF TABLOIDS

1. Mid-Day (India)

Mid-Day is a popular urban tabloid largely read in metropolitan cities like Mumbai.

Its content focuses on:

Local city crime

Celebrity gossip

Lifestyle and nightlife culture

Human interest stories

Style:

The paper uses short, punchy headlines and large photographs to quickly catch the reader’s eye. The language is simple, conversational, and sometimes dramatic. Rather than deep political analysis, it highlights immediate city happenings — for example, sting operations, drug busts, or controversies in Bollywood.

Example Headline Style:

“Bollywood Star Spotted With Mystery Companion at Midnight Café!”

The emphasis here is on curiosity, glamor, and speculation rather than confirmed facts.

2. The Sun (United Kingdom)

The Sun is one of the most well-known tabloids globally, famous for its sensational reporting, celebrity scandals, sports drama, and even controversial political takes.

It is known for:

Bold, dramatic headlines

Emotion-driven stories

Exaggerated or implied narratives

Heavy use of words like “shocking”, “exposed”, “caught” to provoke reactions.

Its tone often focuses on entertainment over balanced journalism, which has led to several ethical criticisms.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TABLOID AND NEWSPAPER

Tabloids and newspapers may both fall under journalism, but they serve very different worlds and very different readers. A tabloid is the kind of publication you often pick up when you want something light, quick, and entertaining. It is smaller in size, colourful, full of big photos, and designed to catch your eye within seconds. Tabloids usually highlight stories that spark curiosity shocking crimes, dramatic incidents, and everyday human- interest stories that feel relatable or exciting. The writing is simple and dramatic, almost like someone telling you a story in an animated tone. This is because their main aim is to entertain and attract large audiences, tabloids sometimes choose

sensational headlines or exaggerated angles to make the story more dramatic. On the other hand, a newspaper or broadsheet feels more grounded. These are the papers you read when you want to understand what is happening in the country, in the economy, or around the world. They carry detailed articles on politics, policies, society, education, international affairs, and major events. The language is formal and analytical, with a strong emphasis on facts, accuracy, and verified information. Newspapers follow ethical principles more strictly, making sure the news they publish serves the public and supports informed decision-making. People also read them differently. Tabloids appeal to readers who prefer quick updates and entertainment, while newspapers are chosen by those who want depth, clarity, and trustworthy reporting. This is why tabloids often get criticised for sensationalism, whereas newspapers are usually respected for maintaining credibility and public trust. In simple terms, tabloids try to entertain you, while newspapers try to inform you. Both have their own space in journalism, but their style, purpose, and impact on readers are completely different.

CONCLUSION

The tabloid press occupies a significant space in the media landscape by making news more accessible, engaging, and emotionally charged. However, its emphasis on sensationalism, drama, and entertainment often comes at the cost of accuracy, balance, and ethical responsibility. While tabloids can capture public attention and shape popular culture, they can also distort facts, invade privacy, and mislead audiences. Therefore, the tabloid press must be approached with critical awareness, reminding us that the power of the media carries a parallel responsibility to maintain truth, fairness, and integrity.

(COMPILATION BY SAMYA KANOJIA, RHEA SARA VINU, REDHIMA PUSHKARNA, TANISHA SHARMA, SRIJA MINZ, SNEHA)

Principles of News Selection

1. Introduction

News selection is the editorial process through which journalists and newsroom gatekeepers decide which events, issues, and narratives merit publication or broadcast. Because media space and audience attention are limited, not every occurrence becomes news. Selection relies on professional norms, organizational priorities, and news values that help determine an event’s journalistic worthiness. These principles ensure relevance, accuracy, public significance, and ethical responsibility.

2. Core Principles of News Selection

2.1 News Values

News values are the foundational criteria used across global newsrooms. They include:

a. Timeliness

Events occurring recently or with immediate updates gain higher priority. News loses value with time, making speed of coverage crucial.

Example:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, real-time updates on case numbers, lockdown rules, and vaccine approvals dominated global news cycles. Outlets like The New York Times and BBC created live dashboards updated hourly.

b. Proximity

Events that occur geographically or culturally close to the audience are more newsworthy. Local relevance increases audience engagement.

Example:

An earthquake in Turkey receives extensive coverage in India, but a minor hurricane in the Caribbean may not unless Indians are affected.

c. Impact

Stories affecting a large number of people, institutions, or systems are prioritized. Impact-driven news includes policy changes, disasters, judgments, and economic shifts.

Example:

The GST rollout in India (2017) received front-page coverage in all national dailies because it restructured the entire taxation system and affected businesses, consumers, and government revenue.

d. Prominence

Actions involving public figures, celebrities, political leaders, or influential institutions attract coverage due to heightened audience interest.

Example:

Court proceedings involving public figures (e.g., Salman Khan or Donald Trump) routinely receive prime coverage.

e. Conflict

Political disputes, social movements, legal confrontations, and international tensions generate inherent narrative interest and wide readership.

Example:

The India–Canada diplomatic tension (2023) became major global news because it involved accusations between two democracies, diplomatic expulsions, and geopolitical implications.

f. Human Interest

Stories that evoke emotional reactions—such as individual struggles, achievements, or unusual experiences—are selected for their audience appeal.

Example:

Coverage of Baby Jessica, a child rescued after falling into a borewell in Tamil Nadu (2023), dominated Indian news with minute-by-minute updates.

g. Novelty or Oddity

Unusual, rare, or surprising events are newsworthy because they deviate from routine patterns.

Example:

A story about a Goan man who built a solar-powered houseboat went viral due to its unusual nature and novelty factor, despite no major public impact.

h. Currency

Issues trending in public discourse gain coverage even without new factual developments (e.g., ongoing debates on climate change or gender rights).

Example:

Climate change coverage often appears despite no “event” happening. Inspections of air quality in Delhi every winter become news annually.

3. Editorial Principles and Professional Standards

I) Accuracy

Only verified and factually correct information should be selected for publication. Accuracy includes correct data, proper sourcing, and contextual clarity.

II) Balance and Fairness

News stories must incorporate diverse viewpoints, especially when covering contentious issues. Fair representation helps uphold credibility and democratic discourse.

III) Objectivity

Selection should avoid editorial bias. Journalists must separate personal ideology from professional judgement, maintaining neutrality in story choice.

IV) Relevance

Stories should serve the informational needs of the audience. Editorial teams assess whether an event has long-term significance or aligns with the community’s concerns.

V) Public Interest

A guiding ethical principle, public interest ensures that newsrooms prioritize information that empowers citizens, exposes wrongdoing, or contributes to public debate.

VI) Responsibility and Ethics

Selection decisions must avoid harm, protect vulnerable groups, avoid sensationalism, and resist the temptation of publishing unverified or graphic content.

4. Organisational and Structural Factors

I) Newsroom Policy and Editorial Line

Each media outlet follows its editorial philosophy, political orientation, and target audience profile. This influences the types of stories emphasized or downplayed.

II) Resource Availability

Time, staff capacity, technology, and budget shape news selection. Investigative journalism often requires extensive resources, leading to selective commissioning.

III) Platform Demands

Print, television, radio, and digital platforms each have structural constraints:

●      TV prioritizes visuals and immediacy.

●      Print supports depth and analysis.

●      Digital platforms support speed, multimedia, and interactivity.

IV) Competition and Market Pressure

News organizations compete for attention. High-engagement stories often receive priority due to audience analytics and advertising models.

5. Sociocultural and Political Factors

I) National Context and Collective Values

Cultural norms influence what is considered newsworthy. For instance, issues of religion, national identity, or social morality receive more coverage in certain societies.

Example:

Coverage of Ayodhya Ram Mandir inauguration (2024) was massive in India due to cultural significance, regardless of political orientation.

II) Political Climate and Press Freedom

Level of press freedom, government influence, and legal frameworks can shape what journalists can or cannot report.

III) Social Sensitivity

Issues involving marginalized groups, minority rights, or sensitive topics require careful selection to avoid misrepresentation or harm.

6. Gatekeeping Theory and News Flow

Gatekeeping refers to the layered process through which information passes before reaching the audience.

Key gatekeepers include:

●      Reporters selecting which stories to pitch

●      Editors approving coverage

●      Sub-editors shaping content for clarity

●      Platform managers determining publication format and timing

This multi-level structure ensures filtering, verification, and prioritization.

7. Digital Age Considerations

I) Audience Analytics

Real-time metrics such as clicks, shares, and engagement influence what digital newsrooms choose to emphasize.

II) User-Generated Content (UGC)

Material from citizens on social media expands the pool of potential news but requires verification to avoid misinformation.

III) Algorithmic Visibility

Social media algorithms determine what gains traction, indirectly shaping newsroom priorities.

IV) Speed vs. Verification

The pressure to publish instantly can compromise accuracy. Newsrooms must balance speed with professional accountability.

8. Ethical Dilemmas in News Selection

Journalists often face conflicts such as:

●      Balancing public interest with privacy rights

●      Avoiding sensationalism while reporting tragedy

●      Choosing whether graphic images are necessary for truth

●      Reporting allegations without defamation

●      Handling communal or political tensions responsibly

Ethical guidelines from bodies such as the Press Council of India, Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ), and BBC Editorial Standards provide frameworks to navigate such dilemmas.

9. Conclusion

News selection in journalism combines professional judgment, ethical reasoning, and contextual decision-making. It is guided by universally recognized news values, organizational priorities, sociocultural influences, and technological developments. An effective selection process strengthens media credibility, supports democratic functioning, and ensures that the audience receives information that is accurate, relevant, and meaningful.

 ( This is compiled by Saranya, Vedika, Riya, Shreya and Ayushi) 

Public Service Broadcasting Day: Selected album from All India Radio

Today is Public Service Broadcasting Day. This day is observed on the 12th of November every year to mark the historic address of Father of the nation and freedom Fighter Mahatma Gandhi through the radio.

A red-letter day in the History of Broadcasting, father of the nation Mahatma Gandhi paid his first and only visit to the Broadcasting House in New Delhi on this day in 1947. Mahatma Gandhi addressed the grief-stricken Indians staying in Kurukshetra, and displaced from Pakistan, through a special broadcast on the country’s festival Deepawali. Freedom fighter Rajkumari Amrit Kaur also accompanied him during the visit.

I am sharing a few pictures from the past- images that are precious to me, clicked in the same All India Radio premises, few fortunately recorded in the Gandhi Studio, the historic space.

I wish to extend my deepest gratitude to all the broadcasters and production staff who have been the unsung heroes behind the scenes. Your dedication and tireless efforts are truly commendable. It is because of your work that our culture, heritage, history, and music have been preserved for generations. I only hope that the youth of today and tomorrow will come to recognize and appreciate the invaluable contributions you have made in safeguarding our collective legacy.

To add, Tinka Jail Radio has contributed to public service broadcasting by attempting to introduce prison radios in different jails

Media reportage of marginalised sections: Children, dalits, tribals, differently-abled, old-aged persons

Marginalisation means when a certain person or a sect of people is made to feel of lesser importance by those in power. Marginalised persons are forced to the periphery or the edge of society. This, in turn, robs them of the facilities and opportunities enjoyed by the non-marginalised sections of society.

Marginalized groups

Marginalised groups are those excluded from full participation in social, economic, and political life.

Causes: caste hierarchy, poverty, gender bias, disability, and age-based discrimination. The media has the power to include or exclude these voices through its narratives and priorities.

Understand the Power of Media

The media is an essential attribute of a democratic polity — both work hand in hand. If democracy is the government of the people, then the media is the voice of the people. The media is the only force that ensures the free flow of information in society. When the media is restricted, censored, or obstructed, citizens remain uninformed:

Unaware of their rights and duties,

Ignorant of their needs and social issues,

Unconscious of the role they can play in improving their society and nation. 

Media came into existence in 1780 with the introduction of a newspaper, namely "The Bengal Gazette" and since then it has matured leaps and bounds. It has been playing a very important role in shaping human minds. The media makes us aware of various social, political and economic activities happening around the world. 

It is like a mirror, which shows us or strives to show us the bare truth and harsh realities of life. The media also exposes loopholes in the democratic system, which ultimately helps the government infilling the vacuums of loopholes and make the system more accountable, responsive and citizen-friendly 

A democracy without media is like a vehicle without wheels. It is mostly observed that news on political and economic issues dominates over social issues. Social issues are not given the kind of importance or platform of communication that they deserve. Issues of violence against women and other forms of discrimination against women, which basically stems from inequality – both in terms of physical and economic power – between men and women, are rarely given the importance they deserve. 

 Due to the outreach and technological sophistication, the Media’s role has now expanded and increased beyond the mere supply of information. It can be said that the media can now 'create reality’. 

Media can effectively shape public opinion, influence personal beliefs, and even alter people’s self-perceptions. Ideologies, thought processes, and the methods of socialization are greatly influenced by the media. It is time that the media become highly sensitive to gender issues.

 Media Matters

“Print and electronic media do not provide a balanced picture of women’s diverse lives and contributions to society in a changing world.”

BEIJING PLATFORM FOR ACTION 1995 

Nearly 25 years ago, in 1995, during the Fourth World Conference on Women, 189 UN Member States recognised the central role of media in shifting the gender stereotypes that influence how we think and act

 Media Reporting on Child Sexual Abuse and POCSO

 How is it reported? 

 Asifa Bano: The child rape and murder that has Kashmir on edge 

 India rape: Six-year-old victim's eyes damaged in attack 

 Kathua rape-murder case verdict Live Updates: Life imprisonment for 3 accused, victim's lawyer disappointed - India Today 

Guidelines by Media Regulators

Reporting Rape

 1. The audio-visual presentation of any content will be given in a responsible and aesthetic manner, subject to the condition that the following shall not be included in these three categories: Category ‘U’, Category ‘U/A’ and Category ‘A’. (Ministry of Information & Broadcasting) 

2. Use suitable techniques such as masking, blurring, changing names or identities etc., particularly in the cases of minors, victims of sexual violence or dreaded diseases like HIV/AIDS or natural or other disasters unless there is an identifiable larger public interest involved. (Indian Broadcasting Federation) 

3. Electronic media should not show visuals or details which could "re-traumatise" the victims or reveal their identities. (News Broadcasting Standards Authority) 

4. Where any proceedings are held under sub-section (2) *, it shall not be lawful for any person to print or publish any matter in relation to any such proceedings, except with the previous permission of the court. (Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973) 

 The alleged criminal and the victim, and the witnesses must be identified with utmost care, with no implications of caste or religion. Only on the strongest grounds of public interest should any of these considerations be diluted. (The Editors Guild of India) 

 Actions Taken

 Disclosure of rape victims' identity:

Even the dead have dignity, can't be named and shamed, says SC

•It said that even in cases where the rape victims were alive and were either minors or of unsound mind, their identities should not be revealed as they have the right to privacy, and they cannot live under such a "stigma" throughout their life. 

•"Think of the dignity of dead also. It (media reporting) can be done without naming or shaming them. The dead also have dignity," a bench comprising Justices Madan B Lokur and Deepak Gupta said while hearing the matter in which senior lawyer Indira Jaising raked up the issue of section 228-A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) which deals with disclosure of identity of victims of sexual offences.

 Based on Human Rights Watch Report — “They Say We’re Dirty” (2014)

 •Despite constitutional guarantees, marginalised children in India—Dalits, tribals, and Minorities—continue to face discrimination in schools.•

•Right to Education Act (RTE, 2009) promises free education for ages 6–14, yet nearly half of enrolled children drop out before completing elementary school.•

•Human Rights Watch report highlights systemic neglect, bias, and weak accountability.

 Key Findings

Discrimination in schools remains widespread and normalised. Teachers and staff often treat Dalit, tribal, and marginalised children unequally. Weak monitoring and redress mechanisms fail to prevent dropouts. Over 80 million children drop out before completing elementary education 

Forms of Discrimination

Marginalised children are:

Made to sit separately or at the back of classrooms.

Insulted with derogatory names.

Served food last during mid-day meals.

Denied leadership roles or class participation.

Forced to clean toilets or do menial tasks.

 “The teacher tells us to sit on the other side... she says we are dirty.” – Pankaj, 8-year-old tribal boy, U.P.

Case Examples

Javed (10, Delhi): Called “Mullah” by teachers and classmates; felt humiliated.

Shyam (14, U.P.): Made to sit in corners, denied food, and eventually dropped out.

Naresh (12, Bihar): Forced to massage teachers’ legs and clean toilets.

These experiences create fear, shame, and alienation, driving children away from school.

Recommendations

 Stronger Monitoring: Track every child from enrolment to Grade VIII.

Effective Redress: Establish independent complaint mechanisms.

Teacher Training: Promote Inclusivity and Anti-Discrimination Education.

Accountability: Penalise those who discriminate.

Community Involvement: Strengthen School Management Committees

 What Media Need to do?

Simultaneously run programs that highlight the fact that ensuring the safety and dignity of a child is the responsibility of adults, as well as help others learn how to teach personal safety to small children without instilling fear or distrust of adults.

Follow up cases/ intermittently until the trial is complete.

What needs to be done... 

 •Terminology in reporting crime against women and children is an area where change is occurring.

•It is particularly important not to mix up what is legal with what is not and give a stamp of respectability:

•Not “images of child pornography” but “images of child abuse”;

•Not “elopement with a teacher” but “abduction”;

•Not “child prostitution/child prostitute” but “child abuse and abused child”.

•The media plays an important role in reflecting attitudes in society. Those who work in the media should be conscious of this.

 - John Battle, Head of Compliance, ITN, United Kingdom 

 Media and Dalits

 Examining Representation, Reality, and Responsibility

 According to the 2018 Oxfam report, 88% of leadership positions in Indian media were held by 'upper' castes. Dalits held no positions. Four years later, that number still remains zero.

 •In India, however, Dalit representation and reportage remain deeply imbalanced.

•Even as caste-based atrocities continue, the media narrative often overlooks, underplays, or sensationalises Dalit suffering. 

 Recent example: The CJP (Citizens for Justice and Peace) Report, Sept 2024, documented a series of brutal caste-based crimes within just two months, revealing a national crisis of justice and equality.

The Context of Caste Discrimination

Despite constitutional guarantees of equality (Articles 14, 15, 17) and the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, caste discrimination remains pervasive.

Dalits (Scheduled Castes) continue to face:

•Social exclusion and segregation

•Physical and sexual violence

•Institutional discrimination in education, employment, and justice systems

The media’s role becomes critical in exposing these injustices and holding power accountable.

Role of Media in Reporting Dalit Issues

Functions of media related to Dalit rights:

•Information dissemination – Reporting atrocities and discrimination cases.

•Awareness creation – Educating society on caste inequality and human rights.

•Accountability – Pressuring governments and institutions to act.

•Representation – Including Dalit voices and perspectives in mainstream narratives.

Yet, coverage remains inconsistent, urban-biased, and elite-driven.

Case Study — CJP Report (July–Sept 2024)

 Title: “The Alarming Rise of Anti-Dalit Violence and Discrimination in India”

Publisher: Citizens for Justice and Peace (CJP), Sept 5, 2024

The report documented dozens of caste atrocities across states within two months.

It revealed that Dalit lives remain undervalued, and media coverage was fragmented and reactive.

Selected Incidents (2024)

 Uttar Pradesh (July 23):

A 15-year-old Dalit boy forced to drink urine.

The act was filmed and circulated on social media.

Police acted only after public outrage.

Karnataka (Aug 18):

Dalit man stabbed to death after caste-based abuse.

Locals demanded justice; minimal media follow-up.

Karnataka (Sept 3):

Dalit woman poisoned to death after inter-caste marriage.

Case shows intersection of patriarchy and caste oppression.

Karnataka (Sept 4):

67-year-old Dalit elder beaten with a wooden pole for taking shelter from rain.

Attack rooted in caste prejudice.

Status of Tribal Population in India

The tribal population constitutes a majority in the northeastern states of Mizoram and Lakshadweep (94.4%), Meghalaya (86.1%), and Nagaland (86.5%).

 The states with no Scheduled tribe groups are Punjab, Chandigarh, Haryana, Delhi and Pondicherry. India has total tribal population of 10.43 crores  which is 8.6% of total population of India as per 2011 census.

Importance of Media in Social issues of Tribes

 The media has got a vital role in molding a good society to develop our lifestyle and move it on the right path, because it always try to side with the truth and relevant factor. 

It is the best tool to spread awareness in social issues of tribes and the modern society either it be political, social or economic and giving us latest sight about what is happening in our world.

Adivasis (Tribal Communities)

 The term “Adivasis” literally means “original inhabitants”. They comprise about 8 % of India’s population.

They often live close to forests and have their own languages, religions and ways of life distinct from the dominant society. 

 Many Adivasis face marginalisation because:

Their lands are taken for mining and development and they lose their livelihood and inheritance.

They are often portrayed in stereotypical ways seen as “exotic”, “primitive”, or “backward”.

 The Rise of Alternative & Community Media

 Community Radio Stations (CRS): e.g., Mandakini Ki Awaaz (Uttarakhand), Radio Dhadkan (Madhya Pradesh) – promote local culture and dialects.

Digital Tribal Journalism: Youth-led initiatives use mobile journalism to document local issues, environment, education, rights, and culture.

Social Media Empowerment: Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube have allowed tribal creators to share music, storytelling, and activism globally.

Media and Differently-abled, Old-aged persons

 Inspiration and Empowerment: Movies and news stories about achievers like Arunima Sinha or Deepa Malik help change societal mindsets.

Awareness Campaigns: Programs like ‘Disability Matters’ and ‘Ability Fest’ promote inclusion in media and arts.

Policy Promotion: Media has supported campaigns for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act (2016) and accessibility initiatives like Accessible India Campaign (Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan).

 Challenges & Issues

•Stereotyping: Often portrayed as objects of pity or charity rather than as capable individuals.

•Lack of Representation: Very few differently-abled anchors, journalists, or characters in films.

•Limited Accessibility: Media platforms themselves (websites, TV shows, news broadcasts) often lack accessibility features such as subtitles, sign language, or screen-reader compatibility.

Media and old-aged persons

Representation of Wisdom: Senior citizens are shown as sources of experience, moral strength, and family values.

Awareness of Issues: Media coverage of elder abuse, loneliness, and health care brings attention to their problems.

Promotion of Active Ageing: Campaigns encouraging healthy lifestyles, lifelong learning, and intergenerational bonding.

  Challenges & Issues

Stereotypical Portrayals: Often shown as dependent, frail, or irrelevant to modern life.

Neglect in Media Content: Mainstream media largely focus on youth-oriented issues, ignoring the concerns of the elderly.

Digital Exclusion: Lack of digital literacy and accessible technology creates a “digital divide” for older persons.

Need for Inclusive and Sensitive Media

Representation with Dignity: Show differently-abled and elderly people as individuals with aspirations, not just as victims.

Accessibility: All content should include subtitles, sign language, and audio descriptions.

Participation: Involve differently-abled and elderly persons in production, writing, and reporting roles.

Policy Advocacy: Media can push for effective implementation of laws like:

Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act (2016)

Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act (2007)

Examples of Inclusive Initiatives

Doordarshan’s Special Programs: Segments focusing on disability rights and senior welfare.

Social Media Campaigns: #WeAreDisabledNotWeak and #ActiveAging have gained traction online.

Films:

Black (2005) – portrayed the struggle and strength of a deaf-blind woman.

Paa (2009) – highlighted old-age health issues with dignity.

Margarita With a Straw (2014) – broke stereotypes about disability and identity.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

Creations of the mind: inventions; literary and artistic works; and symbols, names and images used in commerce.

Categories of IPR

Industrial Property: Patents for inventions, trademarks, industrial designs and geographical indications.

Copyrights: literary works (such as novels, poems and plays), films, music, artistic works (e.g., drawings, paintings, photographs and sculptures) and architectural design.

Rights related to copyright include those of performing artists in their performances, producers of phonograms in their recordings, and broadcasters in their radio and television programs.

 What are intellectual property rights?

Intellectual property rights are like any other property right. They allow creators, or owners, of patents, trademarks or copyrighted works to benefit from their own work or investment in a creation.

These rights are outlined in Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which provides for the right to benefit from the protection of moral and material interests resulting from authorship of scientific, literary or artistic productions.

The importance of intellectual property was first recognised in the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (1883) and the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1886). Both treaties are administered by the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO).

 Why promote and protect intellectual property? 

There are several compelling reasons. First, the progress and well-being of humanity rest on its capacity to create and invent new works in the areas of technology and culture.

Second, the legal protection of new creations encourages the commitment of additional resources for further innovation.

Third, the promotion and protection of intellectual property spurs economic growth, creates new jobs and industries, and enhances the quality and enjoyment of life.

 How does the average person benefit?

Intellectual property rights reward creativity and human endeavour, which fuel the progress of humankind. Some examples:

The multibillion-dollar film, recording, publishing and software industries-which bring pleasure to millions of people worldwide-would not exist without copyright protection.

Without the rewards provided by the patent system, researchers and inventors would have little incentive to continue producing better and more efficient products for consumers.

Consumers would have no means to confidently buy products or services without reliable, international trademark protection and enforcement mechanisms to discourage counterfeiting and piracy.

Copyright

Copyright laws grant authors, artists and other creators protection for their literary and artistic creations, generally referred to as "works".

A closely associated field is "related rights" or rights related to copyright that encompass rights similar or identical to those of copyright, although sometimes more limited and of shorter duration.

The beneficiaries of related rights are: performers (such as actors and musicians) in their performances; producers of phonograms (for example, compact discs) in their sound recordings; and broadcasting organisations in their radio and television programs.

Works covered by copyright include, but are not limited to: novels, poems, plays, reference works, newspapers, advertisements, computer programs, databases, films, musical compositions, choreography, paintings, drawings, photographs, sculpture, architecture, maps and technical drawings.

 What rights do copyright and related rights provide?

The creators of works protected by copyright, and their heirs and successors (generally referred to as "right holders"), have certain basic rights under copyright law.

They hold the exclusive right to use or authorise others to use the work on agreed terms.

The right holder(s) of a work can authorise or prohibit: its reproduction in all forms, including print form and sound recording; its public performance and communication to the public; its broadcasting; its translation into other languages; and its adaptation, such as from a novel to a screenplay for a film.

Similar rights of, among others, fixation (recording) and reproduction are granted under related rights.

Many types of works protected under the laws of copyright and related rights require mass distribution, communication and financial investment for their successful dissemination (for example, publications, sound recordings and films).

 Hence, creators often transfer these rights to companies better able to develop and market the works, in return for compensation in the form of payments and/or royalties (compensation based on a percentage of revenues generated by the work).

The economic rights relating to copyright are of limited duration -as provided for in the relevant WIPO treaties - beginning with the creation and fixation of the work, and lasting for not less than 50 years after the creator's death.

National laws may establish longer terms of protection. This term of protection enables both creators and their heirs and successors to benefit financially for a reasonable period of time.

Related rights enjoy shorter terms, normally 50 years after the performance, recording or broadcast has taken place.

Copyright and the protection of performers also include moral rights, meaning the right to claim authorship of a work, and the right to oppose changes to the work that could harm the creator's reputation.

Copyright law in India

• The Copyright Act of 1957, The Copyright Rules, 1958 and the International Copyright Order, 1999 govern the copyright protection in India. It came into effect from January 1958.

The Act has been amended in 1983, 1984, 1992, 1994 and 1999. Before the Act of 1957, copyright protection was governed by the Copyright Act of 1914, which was the extension of the British Copyright Act, 1911.

The Copyright Act, 1957 consists of 79 sections under 15 chapters, while the Copyright Rules, 1958 consist of 28 rules under 9 chapters and 2 schedules.

Benefits of copyright and related rights

Copyright and related rights protection an essential components in fostering human creativity and innovation.

Giving authors, artists and creators incentives in the form of recognition and fair economic reward increases their activity and output and can also enhance the results. By ensuring the existence and enforceability of rights, individuals and companies can more easily invest in the creation, development and global dissemination of their works.

This, in turn, helps to increase access to and enhance the enjoyment of culture, knowledge and entertainment the world over, and also stimulates economic and social development.

Copyright and advances in technology

The field of copyright and related rights has expanded enormously during the last several decades with the spectacular progress of technological development that has, in turn, yielded new ways of disseminating creations by such forms of communication as satellite broadcasting, compact discs and DVDs.

Widespread dissemination of works via the Internet raises difficult questions concerning copyright and related rights in this global medium.

WIPO is fully involved in the ongoing international debate to shape new. standards for copyright protection in cyberspace.

In that regard, the Organisation administers the WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT) and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT), known as the "Internet Treaties".

These treaties clarify international norms aimed at preventing unauthorised access to and use of creative works on the Internet.

IPR: CASE STUDY

Case: Emami Ltd. vs.Arbaaz Khan Productions

 Issue: Copyright and brand misuse over the phrase "Zandu Balm" in the song "Munni Badnaam Hui" (from the film Dabangg).

 On September 17, Emami Ltd. sent a legal notice to Arbaaz Khan Productions for using the phrase "Zandu Balm" in the popular song "Munni Badnaam Hui."

Emami claimed that this usage:

Violated copyright over the registered brand name.

Damaged the reputation of both the company and the product.

Zandu Balm officials stated that the song defamed their brand and misused their intellectual property.

Emami's Legal Demand

Emami demanded that the producers either: Remove the phrase "Zandu Balm" from the song, or

Delete the song from the film entirely.

Emami had acquired Zandu Pharmaceuticals in 2008 for ₹700 crore, and the merged entity was then worth about ₹1,000 crore.

Initial Reactions

Industry insiders (as of September 19) reported that:

The dispute was not expected to go to court.

Both parties were considering an out-of-court settlement.

Emami was exploring the idea of using the song to promote its product.

 Arbaaz Khan responded:

"Now that our film is a big success, such things are bound to happen. Everyone wants a share of the pie."

Final Outcome

Eventually, Emami and Arbaaz Khan Productions resolved the issue amicably.

A barter deal was reached: The filmmakers could continue using "Zandu Balm" in the song.

 In return, Emami gained advertising rights to use the song in its own promotions.

Malaika Arora Khan, who performed in the song, agreed to do a free advertisement for Zandu Balm as part of the settlement

BOOK REVIEW: Thee.Hoon..Rahungi...: Poetry: 2012

Title: थी.हूँ..रहूँगी…

Author: Professor (Dr.) Vartika Nanda

Publisher: Rajkamal Prakashan

Year: 2012

“यह लोग

दिल्ली के नानकपुरा थाने के बाहर अक्सर दिखते हैं

महिला अपराध शाखा के बाहर बैंच पर बैठे

सिलवटों में सिमटी अपनी हथेलियों को देखते

न्याय पाने की मरी उम्मीद अपने फटे दुपट्टे से बांधीं बैठी इन औरतों को 

जिस दिन करीब से देखेंगें

सुन लेंगे

उनसे उनकी आंखों से टपकती किसी तरह रिसती और सिसकती कहानी

आप सो नहीं पाएंगें” 

 -नानकपुरा कुछ नहीं भूलता: Page-11 of Thee. Hoon..Rahungi…

Introduction of the book:

Thee. Hoon.. Rahungi… published by Rajkamal Prakashan in 2012, stands as a monumental work in Indian literature, breaking new ground as the nation’s first collection of poetry centered on the issue of crimes against women. Authored by Vartika Nanda—a crime journalist, academic, and India’s leading prison reformer—the book is a bold and unflinching exploration of a subject often overlooked or deliberately ignored. Thee.Hoon..Rahungi… is dedicated to incarcerated women who have suffered crimes like domestic violence and sexual violence, it blends poetic sensitivity with stark realism, offering a voice to the voiceless while highlighting the resilience of women who endure unimaginable pain. 

Dr. Vartika Nanda approaches the subject of crimes against women with remarkable sensitivity and panache. Her poems, therefore, stand as a compelling blend of pragmatism and insight, offering a profound reflection on the complexities of crime.

A New Perspective on Suffering and Strength : 

What sets Thee. Hoon.. Rahungi… apart is its ability to intertwine pain with hope. These poems do not shy away from depicting the despair, silence, and anguish that women endure in the face of crimes that often go unnoticed, unreported, or deliberately ignored. Yet, they also radiate an unyielding spirit of defiance. These are women who refuse to be silenced. The recurring refrain—“I was, I am, and I will be”—is both a declaration of existence and a challenge to a society that often seeks to erase them.

“सपनों की पंखुड़ियाँ 

किसी के भारी बूटों से कुचलती नहीं 

हंटर से छिलती नहीं

बेरुखी से मिटती नहीं

सपनों का ओज 

उदासी में घुलता नहीं 

टूट कर बिखरता नहीं 

अतीत की रोशनी की याद में”

-सबसे ताकतवर होता है: Page-51 of Thee. Hoon..Rahungi…

Through her words, Dr. Nanda addresses an issue where the media, police, and legal systems often fail. Crimes against women, particularly those that occur inside homes, are frequently buried in silence. Her poetry confronts this collective apathy, presenting a raw yet hopeful portrayal of women who, despite their suffering, continue to harbor the flickering light of resilience and courage.

Dr. Nanda’s professional background is integral to the gravity and depth of this book. As a prominent crime reporter who brought unprecedented focus to the crime beat during her tenure at NDTV, and as a scholar who earned a doctorate on the media’s portrayal of rape cases, and a person who has dedicated her life to prison reforms, she brings unparalleled expertise and empathy to this 

collection. Her poems are not merely literary expressions; they are deeply rooted in the harsh realities of life, reflecting the unspoken struggles of countless women who become victims of violence—often within the supposed safety of their own homes.

Tinka Tinka Foundation at the cause for women empowerment :

The book’s impact is not confined to its pages. The very title, Thee. Hoon.. Rahungi…, has evolved into a powerful symbol of women’s empowerment and a call to action against gender violence. Its influence extends to the walls of women’s prisons across India, where it has been inscribed as a mantra of hope and resilience. This mantra is an inseparable part of Tinka Tinka Jail Radio, Tinka Tinka India Awards and several other initiatives undertaken by Tinka Tinka Foundation. From the  Women’s Jail Number 6 at Tihar(Delhi)—the largest prison complex in South Asia—to District Jail, Karnal (Haryana). District Jail, Agra ( Uttar Pradesh)  and Central Jail, Narsinghpur (Madhya Pradesh), these three words resonate as a testament to women’s indomitable spirit on the walls of prisons. This initiative is part of the broader mission of the Tinka Tinka Prison Reforms, a public charitable trust founded by Professor Nanda. Through her work, she has tirelessly championed the rights and voices of incarcerated women and women who have suffered crime at some point of their lives, bringing attention to their stories, struggles, and aspirations. Her efforts have transformed prisons into spaces of reflection and hope, giving inmates the courage to reclaim their narratives. Thee. Hoon.. Rahungi…, Marjani, Tinka Tinka Tihar, Radio in Prison- all these books written by Dr. Nanda over these years have portrayed the power and essence of silence, generally observed by the victims of crime.

The Podcast Series- Giving Voice to the Voiceless :

The influence of Thee. Hoon.. Rahungi… extends beyond traditional mediums of literature. The accompanying podcast series was released on 17th April 2024, 12 years after the book's creation in jail number 6, Tihar itself by Shri Sanjay Beniwal (IPS), DG, Delhi Prisons. It offers an innovative platform for women inmates to share their untold stories. These recordings provide a deeply personal and often harrowing look into their lives, allowing listeners to empathize with the emotional, social, and psychological dimensions of incarceration. Through these podcasts, Dr. Nanda creates a bridge between the inmates and the outside world, fostering a deeper understanding of their humanity.

Celebrating 10 years of Tinka Tinka Tihar in South Asia's largest Jail Tihar। 2023। Vartika Nanda

Embodiment of courage, hope and resilience- Radhika

Radhika- 13th May, 2024: GB Road, Delhi: An episode that left listeners with glistening eyes is that of Radhika. 

Radhika’s life is a story of pain, survival, and resilience. At 21, while pursuing her B.A. degree and living with her poor family, she was lured by the promise of a job in Delhi. Dreaming of supporting her parents, she kept the opportunity a secret. However, her hope turned into horror when the man who promised her a better future sold her into a brothel and disappeared. Trapped in a world of exploitation, Radhika’s life became a cycle of relentless pain. She gave birth to a son who was mentally weak and physically disabled. His arrival brought no joy; he was seen as an obstacle. To keep him out of the way, she tied him with a rope in one corner while she cried in another. Amidst this suffering, she also had a daughter.

Desperate for freedom, Radhika sought help from Kiran Sethi, a compassionate Delhi police officer at the GB Road police station. Kiran recognized her pain and helped her escape the brothel. A man had ruined her life, but a woman gave her a second chance. Radhika found a job, earning 14-15k a month, but her past continued to haunt her. She lost jobs when employers discovered her history. To avoid stigma, she changed her name three times, and still chooses to be called “Radhika.” for this story. Her parents remain unaware of her ordeal. Despite the scars of her past and the absence of a father for her children, she stands strong. 

Today, her son lives in a hostel, and her daughter stays with her. Radhika works at a cloth retailer, striving for independence. With Kiran’s help, she also learned to drive an e-rickshaw, taking control of her life. Her journey is one of courage and determination, driven by the belief: “A path is found when you choose to walk.”

You may never recognize her on the street, but Radhika continues to live with unbroken spirit, guided by her mantra:

“थी... हूं... रहूंगी...”

A Legacy of Recognition and Change :

The book’s journey is as illustrious as its content. It was launched at prestigious events, including the International Book Fair by literary stalwart Prof. Namwar Singh in 2012. It was also released at the Patna Book Fair in 2012 by the renowned poet and lyricist Javed Akhtar. Over time, it has been presented to key leaders, including the Minister of Women and Child Development and the Minister of State for External Affairs during the World Hindi Conference in Johannesburg (South Africa) in 2012, solidifying its place as a work of national and international significance.

More than just poetry :

2012 was poetry, 2013 saw the formation of Tinka Tinka Tihar, the book that eventually earned its place in the Limca Book of Records for its originality. And later in 2024, Thee.Hoon..Rahungi... was released as a podcast.

The book is a movement, a declaration, and a source of inspiration. It compels society to confront its silence, challenges the systemic failures that perpetuate violence against women, and empowers women to rise above their suffering. Through its profound verses and far-reaching influence, this book reminds us that the power of words can transcend walls, touch hearts, and ignite change. It is a literary and social milestone that will continue to echo in prisons, homes, and hearts for years to come. 

References:

Nanda, V. (2024) Radio in Prison: National Book Trust, India: ISBN 978-93-5743-974-9

Nanda, V. (2015) Raniyan Sab Janti Hain: Publisher: Vani Prakashan: ISBN 978-93-5072-976-2 (selected amongst TOP 5 books by Femina)

Nanda, V. (2012) Thee. Hoon.. Rahungi.... Delhi: Rajkamal Prakashan: ISBN 978-81-267-2232-7. (First collection of poems in the country on the issues of crimes against women) (received Dr Radha Krishnan Memorial Award & Rituraj Parampara Samman)

Nanda, V. (2011) Marjani: Publisher: Rajkamal Prakashan: ISBN 978-81-267-2098-9

Website: www.vartikananda.com

(This book review is written by Chahak, a student of the Department of Journalism at LSR. She is from the batch of 2027)

Ethics in Journalism

 Importance of Journalism

Voice of voiceless: As the fourth estate of democracy and voice of voiceless'. The news media and the institution of journalism plays a crucial role for keeping the citizens informed about powerful instruments of public information, opinion and debates.

Public watchdog: One cannot imagine a vibrant democracy without a vibrant, independent and critical news media which not only disseminates news and views of public importance but also acts as a watchdog that monitors, investigates and critically examines the functioning of key organs and institutions of the State, and evaluates the performances of those in the public office and holds the accountable.

Enhances vibrance of democracy: An independent news media which includes legacy media like newspapers, magazines, television radio and new media like online news portals and digital news platforms, has been integral to democracy's long and tumultuous journey.

Over time, it has evolved with democracy, especially in the late 19 and 20' century. There and vibrant media is treated as a key parameter for the success of a democracy and in fact, is among the crucial factors in measuring its health.

Shaping the public perception: It has an influential role in shaping public perception, setting the agenda for public debate and its widespread impact on the society, politics, economy, culture and governance, news media and journalism enjoys a powerful position in a democratic society.

Thus, Napoleon Bonaparte had once famously said, "Four hostile newspapers are more to be feared than a thousand bayonets."

Features of Responsible Journalism

Transparency and accountability: The credibility and respect doesn't come free or as a gift to the news media but eamed and sustained by adhering to the ethical and moral standards of journalism. News media must also follow the principles and norms of journalism and be transparent and accountable for its reportage, commentary and overall functioning.

Maintaining journalistic ethics: Like other public-facing professions, journalism too has also evolved with a set of ethical principles, standards and norms for fulfilling its social responsibility and serving the citizens better by ensuring the quality of content and highest professional standards in gathering, processing, filtering and dissemination of news and views.

Journalistic ethics are basically a set of principles, standards, guidelines and code of conduct prepared for professional journalists. It deals with conduct, character and behavior of a journalist and how she works before, during and after the news gathering and dissemination process.

Self regulation: Generally, it is expected from the news media outlets and its professional journalists to not only strictly follow these principles and norms but to also self-regulate in alignment with them.

But given the non-mandatory and voluntary nature of journalistic ethics, there are always complaints of violation by journalists and news media outlets.

There is no denying the fact that a section of news media outlets are either willingly or unwillingly deviating from or compromising on journalistic ethics to attract more readers or viewers, for some personal gains and generally, at the altar of commercial interests and to boost their bottom-lines.

Issues with Journalism in India

Erosion of ethics in journalism: In India instances of violation of ethical norms and principles; from indulging in Paid News, spreading Fake News, engaging sensationalism and exaggerating trivial stories, creating misleading headlines, breach of privacy, distortion of facts has increased manifold.

Biased reporting: Openly taking sides and bias in reporting. Besides this, many mainstream news media outlets and their journalists are found to be engaging in one-sided media trials, lobbying for personal gains, blackmailing, manipulating news stories, engaging in malicious and defamatory reporting, running propaganda and disinformation campaigns.

Misuse of freedom of speech and press: There is a growing concern in the country that many Indian news media outlets have shown little respect for journalistic ethics and norms by regularly crossing the limits and becoming habitual offenders.

In fact, the critics of unethical conduct of the news media are demanding stringent regulation in place of ineffective self regulatory mechanism and their voices are growing louder day by day.

It may be noted that like many other liberal democracies, India too recognises the primacy of the Freedom of the Press and allows for self-regulation of news media

Manipulation of TRPs: Recently, various claims have been made about the manipulation of TRPs (Target Rating Points) by some TV channels by rigging the devices used by the Broadcast Audience Research Council (BARC) India.

TRP is the metric used by the marketing and advertising agencies to evaluate viewership. It represents how many people, from which socio-economic categories, watched which channels for how much time during a particular period. This period is one minute as per the international standards.

Reforms Initiated in U.S.A

Pollution of democratic discourse: Earlier due to yellow journalism, newspapers in the USA were riddled with sensational crime stories with exaggerated headlines, pictures and sketches. There was cutthroat competition and a mad rush to attract more readers and maximising the profits for newspapers' owners. But this was also polluting the democratic discourse, distorting the public opinion, impairing the citizens' right and negatively affecting their democratic choices and decisions.

Campaign for reforms: Slowly a concerted campaign started in the US and many other countries in the early 20h century to bring in ethics and principles with a set of guidelines and code of conduct for news media and journalists.

Canons of journalism: In the US, in 1922, the American Society of Newspaper Editors (ASNE) adopted a set of ethical principles titled "Canons of Journalism', which was later revised and renamed 'Statement of Principles in 1975.

Key principles: The ASNE proposed six key principles; Responsibility, Freedom of the Press, Independence, Truth and Accuracy, Impartiality and Fair Play.

These principles were devised to professionalise the news media and journalism and to set it to ethical standards to monitor and evaluate the journalistic work and its contents.

Hutchins Commission: This Commission was established to review the functioning of the press and the impact of media ownership on its content. The Commission reiterated that while the freedom of press is paramount, it also has a moral obligation to consider the well-being of the general public when making its decisions and choices.

It provided a strong philosophical basis for adopting these ethical norms and standards for improving the quality of news media and journalism. The report echoed Gandhi's concerns of "an uncontrollable pen" while stressing that its "sole aim should be service":

Yellow journalism: It is a style of newspaper reporting that emphasizes sensationalism over facts.

In this the use of lurid features and sensationalized news in newspaper publishing to attract readers and increase circulation.

The phrase was coined in the 1890s to describe the tactics employed in the furious competition between two New York City newspapers, the World and the Journal.

Acts and Agencies

The Press Council of India (PCI): A statutory and quasi-judicial body, was established by an Act of Parliament. It functions as a "watchdog of the press, for the press and by the press".

Its two broad objectives are-safeguarding the freedom of the press and to improve its quality and standards.

It works on the premise of self regulation of print media but has no punitive powers. It can only censure, warn or ask newspapers to issue apologies and corrections. It has also put out a detailed "Norms of Journalistic Conduct" which it expects journalists and newspapers to follow with utmost care and diligence.

News Broadcasting Standard Authority (NBSA): It is a non-governmental body, it oversees the news channels. It has issued a "Code of Ethics and Broadcasting Standards" for its member news channels who had voluntarily pledged to follow it.

Like the PCI, the NBSA too is headed by a retired Supreme Court judge and its other members comprise well-known people belonging to civil society and editors of TV news channels.

It receives complaints of violation of technical norms against member TV news channels and decides after hearing all the sides. Additionally, it has the power of imposing a fine that can go up to Rs. one lakh against an errant channel.

Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act, 1995: Apart from the NBSA, the news channels are also regulated by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (I&B) under the Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act, 1995 which contains a "programme code" and an "advertising code"' to which news channels have to adhere.

Their adherence to this code is, in fact, one of the pre-conditions for obtaining the license for a news channel. The I&B Ministry, on some rare occasions, for violation of "programme code has taken strict action against errant channels while on others has issued advisories to the news channels.

Issues with the Existing Architecture of Regulation

Ineffective in reforming unethical conducts: The real question facing is how effective is the present architecture of news media regulation in India considering the growing instances of violation of ethical principles and norms by the news media and journalists.

Lack of introspection: Apart from jurists, intellectuals and civil society members, many senior journalists and editors themselves are not happy with the present state of journalistic ethics in India.

They are calling for serious introspection from news media outlets and the journalists' community to take steps to minimise the flouting of ethical norms, and to take corrective measures and honest initiatives to improve the quality and standards of the news media in India.

News media outlets have to understand that it's in their own interest to follow ethical norms to sustain public faith in them.

Way Forward

Initiating discussions on reforms: Professional bodies like the Editors Guild of India, NBA and statutory bodies like PCI can take lead and initiate debate and discussion on this issue and propose remedial measures.

Everyone knows the cost of failure would be very high as witnessed in the News of the World scandal in the UK. In India too, a chorus demanding harsher regulation is gaining momentum.

Imposing reasonable restrictions on the media: While demanding punitive power for the Press Council of India, it is articulated that there is no freedom which is absolute. All freedoms are subject to reasonable restrictions, and are also coupled with responsibilities.

In a democracy everyone is accountable to the people, and so is the media. Therefore Indian media must now introspect and develop a sense of responsibility and maturity. One hopes that the Indian news media will remember the advice and warning of Mahatma Gandhi.

Strict adherence to ethical norms: It is also important that the saner voices within the media fraternity will see the warning signs and act fast to restore the credibility of the news media and journalism as a profession by ensuring adherence to ethical norms, try to win citizens' confidence and work to strengthen the social contract with the public.

Report on Guest Lecture by Dr. Archana Kumari: November, 2025

Course: Media Laws and Ethics (Third Semester)

Organised by: Professor (Dr.) Vartika Nanda

A guest lecture was conducted on for the third-year students of the Department of Journalism, LSR, for the Core Paper Media Laws and Ethics. The session was delivered by Dr. Archana Kumari, Associate Professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University. The lecture aimed to provide a deeper understanding of copyright issues. 

Dr. Kumari offered a comprehensive and critical analysis of Intellectual Property Rights, with a strong focus on copyright. She explained the features, scope, and challenges of copyright laws within the Indian media landscape. She also presented a clear and informative PowerPoint presentation, which helped students take organised notes and better understand the key legal frameworks, policies, and the practical functioning of copyright protections in the country. She highlighted how media organisations must navigate ownership, authorship, and ethical usage in a rapidly evolving digital environment.

The lecture was highly insightful and engaging. It helped students revise the interconnectedness of media practices, legal frameworks, and ethical responsibilities. By exploring both copyright concerns and representation issues, the session broadened the students’ perspective on the challenges and obligations in the media industry today.

Written by: Khansa Saleem, Batch of 2026

6 November, 2025: Promotion Part at LSR

30 teachers celebrated their promotions at LSR

7 November, 2025: महिलाओं की कलम की धार: Dainik Jagran at Lucknow University

विश्व का सबसे अधिक पढ़ा जानेवाला समाचारपत्र , दैनिक जागरण, पिछले दस वर्षों से लखनऊ में संवादी का आयोजन कर रहा है। 7 नवम्बर को लखनऊ विश्वविद्यालय के मालवीय ऑडिटोरियम में आयोजित ‘दैनिक जागरण 'संवादी' कार्यक्रम में डॉ. वर्तिका नंदा, अंकिता जैन और अनन्या अवस्थी ने अपनी गरिमामयी उपस्थिति से सत्र को सार्थक दिशा दी।

कार्यक्रम में साहित्य, अभिव्यक्ति और समाज के बदलते आयामों पर विचारोत्तेजक संवाद हुआ। यह आयोजन हिंदी भाषा, संस्कृति और सृजनशील अभिव्यक्ति के संवर्धन की दिशा में एक महत्वपूर्ण पहल रहा।

Session: महिलाओं की कलम की धार

Venue: Malviya Auditorium, Lucknow University

Panelists: Vartika Nanda, Ananya Awasthi, Ankita Jain

Anchor: Aakriti

Background:   अपनी भाषा हिंदी को समृद्ध करने के दैनिक जागरण के अभियान ‘हिंदी हैं हम’ के अंतर्गत- संवादी- का आयोजन होता है। उत्तर प्रदेश की राजधानी लखनऊ में आयोजित अभिव्यक्ति के इस उत्सव, लखनऊ संवादी, को पिछले वर्षों में काफी सराहना मिली। ये आयोजन साहित्य उत्सवों की भीड़ से बिल्कुल अलग और अपनी तरह का अनूठा आयोजन होता है। इस आयोजन में स्वयं को अभिव्यक्त करनेवाले, चाहे वो किसी भी क्षेत्र से हों, की सहभागिता होती है। सिनेमा, कला, संस्कृति, साहित्य, विज्ञापन, खेल जैसे क्षेत्रों से जुड़े लोग इस आयोजन में भागीदार होते हैं। इस वर्ष दिल्ली संवादी का आयोजन 6 और 7 नवंबर 2025 को लखनऊ विश्वविद्यालय के मालवीय सभागार में आयोजित किया जा रहा है। दो दिनों के इस आयोजन में कई सत्र हैं जिनमें साहित्य, सिनेमा, राजनीति, खेल आदि पर चर्चा होगी। इस आयोजन की कवरेज दैनिक जागरण और नईदुनिया के समस्त संस्करणों में होती है । वक्ताओं के विचार जागरण समूह के करीब 8 करोड़ पाठकों तक पहुंचते हैं। इसके अलावा जागरण के हिंदी हैं हम के यूट्यूब चैनल पर भी इसका सीधा प्रसारण होता है। लखनऊ संवादी के इस संस्करण में 7 नवंबर की सुबह 11 बजे एक सत्र- महिलाओं की कलम की धार- में आपको आमंत्रित कर रहे हैं। 

YouTube: Tinka Tinka Prison Reforms: 

In Press: 

1. Promo: 1 November: दैनिक जागरण संवादी। तिनका तिनका जेल। Vartika Nanda

2. Reel: 7 November: दैनिक जागरण संवादी। तिनका तिनका जेल। Jail। 7 November, 2025Vartika Nanda.

3. Dainik Jagran Published Story: 8 November