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ATTRIBUTION: IOJ

Aug 25, 2025

ATTRIBUTION: IOJ

(Disclaimer: This content has been compiled by the students from various sources. These notes are to be used purely for academic purposes. No copyright infringement intended. The blogger will not be responsible in any manner whatsoever, regarding the authenticity of the information included in the notes.)

DEPARTMENT: B.A. (Hons) Journalism

SEMESTER: I

PAPER: INTRODUCTION TO JOURNALISM

UNIT: I

TOPIC: Attribution

Time Period: The mentioned topic was discussed in class in the fourth week of August, 2025. 

Journalists rely on a range of sources to get the facts that are based on evidence or proof. Thus, they are expected to provide shreds of evidence on whatever they are reporting. In journalistic writing, these shreds of evidence come in the form of videos, pictures, recordings, quotes and attributions. 

Attribution is stating who said something. Attribution is essential in all the media, including radio and television. Journalists do it so that their readers or listeners can know who is speaking or where the information in the story comes from. It can be used for both spoken and written information. 

It simply means telling readers where the information in the story comes from, as well as who is being quoted. It includes using a source’s full name and job title if that is relevant.

IMPORTANCE OF ATTRIBUTION

Attribution is very important in media writing; it helps to establish an objective tone and adds credibility to an article. One must not keep out readers in the dark and hence attributing the information adds extra weight to it. Attribution gives stories a perspective. It tells readers how we know what we know. It is important to give credit to the person or group who spent the time researching and writing in order to provide that information. It allows readers to find the source later if they want to read it themselves.

Learning the critical role attribution plays within the craft is one of the true building blocks necessary to become a strong, ethical reporter and hence effective use of attribution is a matter both of journalism ethics and of strong writing.

Some examples of different kinds of attribution:

TYPES OF ATTRIBUTIONS

“On-the-record” attribution means that everything the source says may be published and quoted directly, and the source may be fully identified by name and title. Reporters should try to keep as much as possible of every interview on the record. This allows readers to see or hear the source’s exact words and know who the source is.

“Off the record” is the final level of attribution. It generally means a source’s information cannot be used, but that is often misunderstood. Some people say they are speaking off the record when they really mean they are speaking in the background. Also, reporters and sources sometimes disagree as to exactly what “off the record” means. Reporters, however, sometimes use off-the-record information as leads to other sources. Almost every secret is known by several people, sometimes hundreds of people. Once reporters know what they are looking for, they usually can locate public records or sources who can verify the information on the record or on background. 

“On background,” which is sometimes referred to as “not for attribution,” means the reporter may quote the source directly but may not attribute the statements to the source by name. The reporter may describe the source by her position. For example,  Patrick E. Tyler of The New York Times used on-background sources for a story exposing U.S. military assistance to Iraq during its war against Iran. Tyler reported the United States had covertly provided intelligence and battle plans to Iraq even though U.S. officials knew Saddam Hussein was using chemical weapons against both Iranian troops and civilian rebels inside Iraq. Much of Tyler’s story was attributed to “senior military officers with direct knowledge of the program” or “former Defense Intelligence Agency officers” who were willing to talk only on the condition that they not be identified.

“On deep background” is a variation of the backgrounder. This level of attribution is sometimes called the Lindley Rule, named after Ernest K. Lindley, a Newsweek columnist who used it during the Harry Truman administration to persuade U.S. leaders to discuss military and diplomatic affairs. A source on deep background may not be quoted directly and may not be identified in any way. A reporter must publish the information without any attribution or with a phrase like, “It has been learned that. . . .” Unless reporters have a high degree of confidence in the source and the information and the approval of their supervisors, they should stay away from information given on deep background.

WHEN TO ATTRIBUTE

Any time the information in your story comes from a source and not from your own firsthand observations or knowledge, it must be attributed. A good rule of thumb is to attribute once per paragraph if you are telling the story mainly through comments from an interview or eyewitnesses to an event. It might seem repetitive, but it’s important for journalists to be clear about where their information originates.

Example: The suspect escaped from the police van on Broad Street, and officers captured him about a block away on Market Street, said Lt. Jim Calvin.

ATTRIBUTING FACTS AND OPINIONS

There are some things which are universally accepted as true, for example that the world is round, that Tuesday follows Monday, that Fiji is in the Pacific. But there are also things which people want you to believe are true but which are either not provable or are lies. These people may not knowingly tell a lie, but many people are careless with the truth.

Also, situations may change, so that the truth at one moment may be wrong the next. Attribution helps you to overcome some of these problems. Attribution is the act of specifying who said what.

If you attribute the words to the person who said them, you do not have to prove or disprove the truth of their words; you simply report them. Also, people judge what is said by the person who says it. Statements made by people in authority carry more weight than statements made by other people.

ETHICS

Attribution is a journalist's way of sourcing the information in their piece. This can come from all different ways, including quotes to paraphrasing. Any information that is provided outside of a journalist's personal observations needs to be properly attributed in any type of article. This prevents any fraud, copyright infringements, and helps the writer be clear and precise about their data.


Journalists' ethical code normally addresses the issue of attribution, which is sensitive because in the course of their work journalists may receive information from sources who wish to remain anonymous. Divulging the identity of a confidential source is frowned upon by groups representing journalists in many democracies. In many countries, journalists enjoy the same protection under the law as all other citizens, and as such may be required to divulge their sources in the course of a criminal investigation as any other citizen would be. Even in jurisdictions which grant journalists special legal protections, journalists are typically required to testify if they bear witness to a crime.

In conclusion, by properly attributing information to its sources, journalists can maintain the public trust and provide with a clear understanding of where the information came from. 


Weekly Report: IOJ: 2025

 Week from 4th August 2025

Subject: Introduction to Journalism

Teacher - Vartika Nanda


Topic Covered: Definition of News

Discussed the meaning and various interpretations of "News"

Comparing definitions from different scholars and media organizations.

Emphasized that news should inform, educate, and sometimes entertain.

In-Class Task

Write a 200-word descriptive piece on “Your First Day of College”

Deadline: 12:40 AM, 4th August 2025

Assignment Details

Write 5 Best Possible Definitions of News 

Research and Write on the Nature of News 

Write About the Ingredients of News

Students who were allotted the respective topic by ma’am-:

Name of the students

Topic alloted

Nibedita and Samya

News: meaning, definition and nature; Ingredients of news


Students who volunteered for the particular topics-:

Name of the students

Topic

Avira and Khushi 

The news process

Geet

Yellow journalism

Aadhya 

Embargo



Name of the Student 

Topic

Agrima and Ayushi

Hard news and Soft news



Week from 11th August

Topics to be discussed 

Definition of News

Nature of News

Ingredients of News

Hard News and Soft News

Weekly report

Assignment 1 (Describe in 200 words about your first day in college)

Assignment 2 (Write in 100 words that what you have understood in hard news and soft news)

Verification of News

Assignment - Note about verification in 50 words 

Assignment - What is the amount of verification that we witness on social media platforms

Week from 18th August

Topic Covered: 

Discussed the meaning of, and differences between Hard and Soft news 

Components of news and explanation of each component 

Explanation of Embargo with examples


Topics to be Covered in the next class: 

Attribution 

Balance and fairness

Brevity 


Responsibilities assigned:


Document on balance and fairness

Riya Singh and Priya 

Structure of ‘use of internet’ 

Vedika and Shreya 



Assignment Details

1. Write about hard and soft news in not less than 200 words in your notebook. Deadline- 21 August 2025

2. Write an essay on components of news, and include as many pointers as possible. Deadline- 25 August 2025

Practical Assignment Details

The class was divided into two groups: 


Group 1: 

LEADERS: Nibedita and Chandrani 

Create a handwritten newspaper with major focus on photographs and journalism 

Must not exceed 4 pages and can be made on A4/A3 sheets


Group 2:

LEADERS: Shagun and Priya

Create a handwritten newspaper with major focus on hard and soft news 

Must not exceed 4 pages and can be made on A4/A3 sheets


Duration- 1 month 


Week from 25 August  


Responsibilities Assigned: 

Chandrani - Brevity and Attribution

Priya and Riya - Balance and Fairness


Aug 21, 2025

LIVE REPORTING: MLE: 21 August

Historical Evolution of Live Reporting

Early Beginnings:

Live reporting began with radio broadcasts in the early 20th century, notably during World War II.

Edward R. Murrow’s live reports from London during the Blitz set a precedent for real-time war journalism.

Television Era:

The 1960s saw the rise of live TV coverage, including the assassination of JFK and the moon landing.

Satellite technology enabled global live broadcasts, such as the 1989 fall of the Berlin Wall.

Digital Revolution:

The 2000s introduced live blogging and streaming via platforms like YouTube, Facebook Live, and X (formerly Twitter).

Citizen journalism emerged, allowing anyone with a smartphone to report live from the scene.

Nature and Characteristics of Live Reporting

Definition: Real-time coverage of unfolding events, often without post-production or editorial delay.

Key Features:

Immediacy and spontaneity

High emotional impact

Unfiltered access to events

Requires improvisation and adaptability

Challenges:

Technical glitches

Incomplete information

Pressure to be first vs. pressure to be accurate

Impact of Live Reporting

Positive Impacts

Public Engagement:

Creates a sense of urgency and connection

Encourages civic participation and awareness

Transparency:

Reduces gatekeeping by traditional media.

Offers raw, unedited views of events.

Democratization of News:

Empowers citizen journalists.

Diversifies perspectives beyond mainstream narratives.

Negative Impacts

Misinformation Risks:

Speed often compromises verification

False narratives can spread rapidly

Emotional Manipulation:

Sensationalism may override substance

Can amplify trauma or panic during crises

Ethical Dilemmas:

Privacy violations (e.g., showing victims live)

Safety risks for reporters and subjects

Ethical Considerations:

Verification vs. Velocity:

Journalists must balance speed with accuracy

Use of backgrounders and fact-checking is essential

Consent and Sensitivity:

Avoid broadcasting distressing content without consent

Respect cultural and personal boundaries

Legal Boundaries:

Sting operations, phone tapping, and live coverage of trials raise legal and ethical concerns

Suggested Readings

Media Ethics Paranjoy Guha Thakurta Ethics in Indian journalism

Radio Journalism in India Dr. Vartika Nanda Evolution of radio and live reporting

News Writing and Reporting Bruce D. Itule & Douglas A. Anderson Techniques and structure of news

Censorium William Mazzarella Media, censorship, and public culture


Aug 19, 2025

किताब। विदेशों में हिन्दी पत्रकारिता। जवाहर कर्नावट। Book Review Vartika Nanda

In this thought-provoking Short from VN Ki Paathshala, Professor (Dr.) Vartika Nanda introduces a powerful book that explores the journey of Hindi journalism beyond India's borders. With veteran journalist Jawahar Karnawat at the center of the conversation, the video offers a glimpse into the vibrant legacy and challenges of Hindi media in foreign lands.



This isn’t just a book—it’s a bridge between cultures, languages, and generations. If you care about the evolution of journalism or the role of Hindi in global discourse, this Short is your perfect entry point.

Vartika Nanda: Book Review

In a world overflowing with noise, VN Ki Paathshala stands out as a sanctuary of substance—a space where stories breathe, voices matter, and journalism finds its soul.


Aug 18, 2025

Practical Classes: Newspaper Making: IOJ

Date: 18.08.2025 

Instructions: 

Gather newspapers (both English and vernacular papers) 

 Four pages long (A-3/ A-4) newspaper is to be made. 

Focus on photos from news reports, journalistic writing.

An eye-catching name of the newspaper is to be given.

Be creative. 

The practical activity is to be done in groups. (4-5 members) 

Purpose of this exercise: 

In today's practical session, our group 2 was divided into two groups to prepare a newspaper  filled with pictures. One group worked on the news and pictures from the Sports section while the other worked on Entertainment. We collected and cut out relevant pictures from newspapers we got, arranged them on sheets, and gave proper headings. Although we could not paste the pictures due to the unavailability of glue, we completed the layout. Through this activity, we learnt the importance of teamwork and most importantly understood how in both sports and entertainment, pictures play a powerful role in communicating news and stories more effectively than words alone.

GROUP1 AND GROUP 2

Students in Practical Group 1

Aadhaya Mahajan 

Aakriti Yati

Agrima Kamal

Avira Banerjee 

Ayushi Soni

Chandrani Mondal 

Chunit Tsomo

Geet Bandhu

Jiya Raj 

Khushi 

Kusum Saraswat 

Lavanya Shah 

Maanya Singh

Naisha Nagpal 

Navya Kaul 

Navya Sirohi

Nibedita Manna 


Students in Practical Group 2 

Redhima Pushkarna 

Riya Singh

Tanisha Sharma 

Priya Dey 

Shreya Yadav 

Samridhi Srivastava 

Srija Minz 

Rhea Sara Vinu 

Shagun Yadav 

Vedika Trivedi 

Samiya Kanojia 

Saranya Saha 

Yashi Sharma 

Shalini Sharma 

Sneha Jaiswal 

Payal 

Prisha Singh 




DD URDU: Asiad Village: Hauslon ki Udaan: 17 August, 2025


17 अगस्त, 2025: सुंदर दिनों की तस्वीरें ऐसी ही होती हैं- वो रौशन करती हैं और महकती हैं. आज का दिन ऐसा ही था. डीडी उर्दू में- हौसलों की उड़ान- के निर्माता Dr. Syed Nazam Iqbal जी के आमंत्रण पर एक शानदार इंटरव्यू का सौभाग्य मिला.  इंटरव्यू राशिद ने लिया. साक्षात्कार के केंद्र में था- तिनका तिनका जेल. 



इसी बहाने दूरदर्शन को लेकर बीते दिनों की कई यादें ताजा हुईं. एशियाड खैलो के समय बना यह खेल गांव में दूरदर्शन का यह कार्यलय किसान चैनल के नाम है. उर्दू चैनल भी यहीं से संचालित होता है.



यह इस देश के बहुत से लौगों की नासमझी ही है कि वे दूरदर्शन और आकाशवाणी को वह सम्मान दे ही नहीं पाए जिसके वे हकदार है. पूरे देश को संचार के माध्यम से एकसाथ पिरोने का कां इन दोनों ने किया लेकिन मलाई किसी और ने खाई. खैर, मलाई खाने वाले चैनलों से मुझे गुरेज नहीं पर यह अफसोस जरूर है कि इस देश में प्रसारण का ककहरा जिन्होंने सिखाया, वे भुला दिए गए. बिना चीखे-चिल्लाए देश की संस्कृति-संस्कार को जोडने वाले इन माध्यमों को हमने सम्मान दिया होता तो आज ऐसे प्राइवेट मीडिया का सामना न करना पड़ता.

बहरहाल, कल के इस अविस्मरणीय दिन के लिए शुक्रिया दूरदर्शन। शुक्रिया Mohammad Salim का भी क्योंकि एक साल पहले उन्होंने रोज़गार से कामयाबी तक में Mass Communication और Journalism पर संवाद करने के लिए मुझे यहीं पर आमंत्रित किया था.



बहरहाल, इस अविस्मरणीय दिन के लिए शुक्रिया दूरदर्शन। लौटते हुए किसान चैनल की संकल्पना और आज तक के सबसे लंबे कृषि कार्यक्रम- कृषि दर्शन- के लिए भी मन भावों से भरा रहा.



वैसे आपको बता दूं कि एक साल से कृषि दर्शन पर कुछ शोध कर रही हूं. शोध करने के लिए किसी युवा छात्र की भी आवश्यकता थी. बस, कहानी वहां अटक गई. बाकी कहानी कभी और बताती हूं. 

(लौटते समय एक अन्य एंकर मोनालिसा से मुलाकात हुई. उसने याद दिलाया कि 2004 में प्रभात खबर के मीडिया संस्थान में जब मैं किसी कार्यक्रम में मुख्य अतिथि के तौर पर गई थी, तब वो वहां एक छात्र थी. यह पुरानी स्मृति भी बड़ी स्नेहिल लगी.)

Promo: 25 August, 2025


https://x.com/UrduDoordarshan/status/1959983885628198976

https://x.com/UrduDoordarshan/status/1959985756883259793

Aug 15, 2025

News: Meaning, nature and ingredients: IOJ

SEMESTER: I 

PAPER: Introduction to Journalism

UNIT: 1

TOPIC: News—meaning, nature and ingredients

TIME PERIOD: The aforementioned topic was discussed during the first week of August, 2025


Meaning and Nature of News

News refers to any event that is new, unique and timely verified by whoever announces the anews, namely reporters, journalists, broadcasters and so on. 

The word ‘news’ comes from the French word ‘nouvelles’, which refers to new things; news is also referred to as a popular acronym which stands for ‘North, East, West and South’ and ‘Notable Events, Weather and Sports’

  News has to be in simple language, direct and concise. In newspapers, broadcast channels, radios and even social media, news is consumed by several demographics, including but not limited to seven year old children and seventy year old senior citizens. Therefore news should be presented in a way that is palatable to everyone.

  News releases on every platform follow the Inverted Pyramid style. Now, one may ask as to what is the aforementioned Inverted Pyramid style, which is nothing but the order of events from the most important to the least important, making the structure of  press releases much like an upside-down pyramid. A press release that follows this format delivers the essential information only, in descending order of importance. The opening lines in such releases usually cover the five Ws of journalism, namely who, what, when, where and why.

   The news coverage of a platform depends on where they are based and what kind of platform they are; global, national or local. News channels and newspapers in North India often focus on issues in North India while glossing over and giving little attention to issues in the Northeast or South India. Similarly, local news channels rarely go beyond the scope of their locations, with global issues and issues in a different part of the country not being covered as much as local happenings.

   In the present day scene of journalism where citizen journalism is on the rise in multiple social media platforms such as WhatsApp, Facebook, X (formerly Twitter) and Instagram, and multiple inconsistent, unverified testimonies of incidents are rampant in the platforms,  backgrounders are an essential tool, to fact check and to go into an in depth analysis of a news report. We can define a backgrounder as an informational article or a document which provides detailed information on a specific subject, with respect to the current incidents and happenings. It doesn’t just state the facts about an incident—it also explains the reason, context and significance behind it. It mainly covers two of the five Ws of journalism, the “why” behind the “what” of a news. A backgrounder must be engaging and compelling, provide connections with the different narratives and clarify issues that aren’t within the scope of an average citizen. Crafting a backgrounder link also requires rigorous research, with the relevance and timeliness of the topic, and organising skills so that the content that is presented to the reader, viewer or listener is compelling—both in narrative and visuals, and insightful. 

      Let us discuss the way in which news is composed and communicated. It is the factor which influences how the audience perceives an event. A journalist's responsibility is to present the news to the audience in a straightforward manner, utilizing clear and comprehensible language. In the context of real-time reporting, it is crucial that the news being reported is informative and encompasses all relevant events, which is where the ability to improvise becomes essential. Even with prepared notes, live news bulletins often encounter unexpected real-time updates, technical difficulties, and other challenges that reporters must navigate. The actions and methods they employ afterward, which may not be obvious to viewers, can be attributed to their adeptness in improvising their notes and reorganizing the information.

   A vital part of news is also the source to which a piece of news can be credited to. The byline of an article in a newspaper or a magazine gives us the name of the author of that particular article. They are commonly placed between the headline and the text of the article, though some are placed at the end for more space for graphical elements under the headline and above the main body.

  In short, news is the reporting of events to an audience, but out of everything that happens in the world, only a tiny percentage of that makes it into broadcast channels or newspapers as ‘news stories’. There is no definition of news satisfactory to all.  Even though the definition of news would differ based on who you would ask, here are some notable definitions of news:

 For any event to be termed as news, it would have to be new information which is factually correct and interesting.

News is the factual report of an event. 

News is an announcement that is new, out of the ordinary and timely verified by the source, either from firsthand experience or verified testimonies that come from other witnesses.

News is an account of what is happening around us. It may involve current events, new initiatives or ongoing projects or issues.

“News is about the economic, political, social and cultural hierarchies we call nation and society. For the most part news reports on those at or near the top of the hierarchies and on those particularly at the bottom who threaten them to an audience most of whom are located in the vast middle range between top and bottom.”- Herbert J. Gans

Ingredients of News

At its core, news is the reporting of carefully selected events to a target audience, as multiple events occur around the globe, yet only a select few make it into the daily news circulation. This selection process isn't arbitrary - it follows established patterns that media scholars have studied extensively. Understanding these "ingredients" or news values reveals not just what makes something newsworthy, but also exposes the inherent biases and limitations in how we consume information.

The Core News Values

I. Relevance

News relevance operates on multiple levels - geographical, cultural, and economic. Research by Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw in their seminal agenda-setting studies demonstrates that audiences pay more attention to news that directly affects their lives. However, this creates what I observe as a "relevance bubble" - where important global issues are ignored simply because they seem distant. For instance, climate change effects in small island nations rarely make headlines in developed countries, despite their global implications.

II. Proximity and Geography

A major factor in determining if a story is newsworthy is its proximity. The nearer an important event is to the audience—whether that be physically, culturally, or emotionally—the more likely it is to have a direct impact on them, making such news stories more significant to the public.

  The geographical aspect pertains to a media outlet's local area and its nearby surroundings. A blog or a small-town newspaper would concentrate on local events, while a national channel like NDTV would cover stories of national significance.

   However, even within these larger geographical limits, a story that occurs closer in distance is more likely to be featured prominently in the news. A news station in Delhi is more inclined to devote more airtime to the Supreme Court's decision to remove stray dogs from Delhi's streets than to report on the Dharmasthala temple case.

III. Timeliness in the Digital Era

The concept of timeliness has dramatically evolved. While traditional journalism valued breaking news, social media has created an expectation of instant reporting. This creates a dangerous tension: the pressure for immediate publication often conflicts with thorough verification. The 2013 Boston Marathon bombing coverage exemplified this - Reddit users and news outlets alike spread misinformation in their rush to be first, highlighting how the modern obsession with timeliness can undermine accuracy.

IV. Simplification and Clear Communication

News needs to be easy to understand, but this can sometimes create problems. When reporters try to make complex stories simple, they might leave out important details or make things seem more black-and-white than they really are.

For example, when scientists discover something new about health or climate change, the research is usually complicated with many "ifs" and "buts." But news reports often present these findings as simple facts or complete opposites of what we thought before.

  Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, this phenomenon was frequently observed. As doctors and scientists discovered new information regarding the virus and adjusted their recommendations, news reports occasionally portrayed experts as if they were changing their minds or were unsure about their findings rather than clarifying that this is a standard aspect of scientific practice—where one acquires new knowledge and refines their understanding.

V. Unexpectedness and the "Man Bites Dog" Phenomenon

The journalism axiom "dog bites man isn't news, but man bites dog is" reveals our media's bias toward the unusual. While this captures attention, it can create distorted worldviews. Research by George Gerbner on "cultivation theory" shows that heavy news consumption can lead to overestimating the frequency of rare, violent events while underestimating common but less dramatic issues like infrastructure decay or educational challenges.

VI. Narrative Arc and Audience Engagement

Modern news often tells stories like movies or TV shows, with good guys, bad guys, and exciting plot twists. This makes news more interesting to watch or read, but it can also make real-life issues seem simpler than they actually are.

  For example, when covering politics, news reports often focus on "who's winning" and "who's losing" instead of explaining what the politicians actually want to do and how it would affect people's lives. It becomes like sports commentary - exciting to follow, but you might miss the important details about policies that could change your daily life.

VII. Editorial Balance and the Diversity Dilemma

News organisations strive for varied content, but "balance" often means false equivalency. Climate change coverage that gives equal time to scientific consensus and fringe denial doesn't reflect factual balance - it creates confusion. This reveals a fundamental challenge: how do we maintain diverse perspectives while avoiding the trap of treating all opinions as equally valid?

VIII. Conflict as Entertainment

Conflict drives engagement, but constant exposure to adversarial framing may contribute to societal polarization. Studies by Amber Boydstun and others show that conflict-focused news coverage can increase political animosity and decrease civic engagement. The question becomes: are we informing citizens or inadvertently encouraging division?

IX. Celebrity Culture and Entertainment Journalism

Celebrities are individuals who have achieved a level of fame and public recognition, often through their work in entertainment, sports, or social media. Their prominence as public figures makes them newsworthy, as their personal lives, successes, and controversies draw attention.

   Celebrities also set trends, influencing people with their actions and views. News about celebrities and entertainment is considered soft news because it appeals to human interest and provides a break from the more serious hard news we usually consume.

   For instance, when Hailey Bieber, a well-known model and the wife of pop star Justin Bieber, is seen at a pizza restaurant, it has a greater impact on the restaurant than if an unknown wealthy woman from Beverly Hills visited the same place.

X. Innovation vs. Novelty

There's an important distinction between genuine innovation in journalism and mere novelty-seeking. While new storytelling techniques and platforms can enhance understanding, the pursuit of "viral" content can compromise journalistic integrity. The rise of TikTok journalism illustrates this tension: can complex issues be meaningfully addressed in 60-second videos?

XI. Audience Impact and the Feedback Loop

Perhaps most critically, these news values create a self-reinforcing cycle. Audiences shaped by these selection criteria expect more of the same, making it difficult for news organisations to break free from these patterns. This raises fundamental questions about journalism's role: should it give people what they want or what they need?

XII. The Verification Challenge in the Digital Age

The digital era has made verification both more important and more challenging. With deepfakes, bot networks, and sophisticated misinformation campaigns, the traditional methods of source verification are no longer sufficient. News organisations now need digital forensics expertise alongside traditional investigative skills.

Critical Reflections

These ingredients of news, while useful for understanding media selection, also reveal troubling patterns. They prioritise the dramatic over the important, the simple over the complex, and the familiar over the foreign. As future journalists, we must grapple with these limitations while working within existing systems.

  The COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique lens through which to examine these news values in action. Early coverage focused heavily on dramatic death tolls and political conflicts (playing to unexpectedness and conflict values) while often inadequately explaining complex public health concepts. This pattern suggests that our current news value system may be inadequate for covering the complex, long-term challenges of the 21st century.

  What eventually becomes news reflects not just objective importance, but the intersection of commercial pressures, audience expectations, and these deeply embedded values. Understanding this system is the first step toward potentially transforming it. The question for our generation of journalists is whether we can evolve these traditional news values to better serve a democratic society in an increasingly complex world.

Link: Year 2023: https://vartikananda.blogspot.com/2023/01/ingredients-of-news.html


Aug 12, 2025

What is Verification: IOJ NOTES: 12.08.2025


Verification is the process of confirming the truth, accuracy, or reliability of a fact, statement, or theory. It involves rigorous investigation, cross-checking data, and seeking corroborating evidence to build confidence in the information being reported.

Verification is the cornerstone of credible journalism. As Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel famously put it, “the essence of journalism is a discipline of verification.” This guiding principle ensures that the information presented to the public is not only accurate but also trustworthy.

Why Verification Matters

Verification ensures journalists accurately represent events and facts. In a world of competing narratives and misinformation, it serves as a filter to separate truth from distortion. By identifying errors and inconsistencies, journalists can approximate reality more faithfully and uphold public trust.

Key Steps in the Verification Process

1. Interrogate Your Facts

Treat every fact like a suspect—question its origin, assumptions, and implications.

Ask: How do I know this is true? and Why should others believe it?

Seek multiple independent sources that confirm the same detail.

2. Consult Primary Sources

Go directly to original documents, data, or eyewitnesses.

Avoid relying solely on secondhand accounts or summaries.

3. Use Digital Tools and Search Engines

Employ advanced search techniques to narrow results (e.g., site-specific searches).

Use quotation marks for exact phrases and keywords to refine accuracy.

4. Verify Visual Content

Use tools like TinEye or Google Image Search to trace image origins.

Apply FotoForensics or JPEGSnoop to detect image manipulation.

5. Cross-Check with Reliable Databases

Refer to official sources like:

Bureau of Labor Statistics for employment data

FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting for crime stats

WHO for global health metrics

6. Use Fact-Checking Websites

Platforms like Snopes, PolitiFact, and FactCheck.org can help debunk rumors and misinformation.

7. Maintain an Accuracy Checklist

Before publishing, double-check:

Names, titles, and places

Dates, times, and statistics

Quotes and their sources

Logical consistency of arguments

Proper attribution of all claims

8. Bookmark Trusted Sources

Organize bookmarks by topic (e.g., health, politics, economics) for quick access.

Use tools like Raindrop or Memex to manage and tag sources efficiently.

Aug 7, 2025

NEWSLETTER: 2022

  Tinka Tinka Jail News is a new publication of Tinka Tinka Foundation. This is a prison centric newsletter which is aimed at connecting prisons worldwide. Conceptualized by prison reformer Vartika Nanda, this newsletter will document positive stories that go unnoticed. Tinka Tinka is a movement that has been working to bridge the gap between prisons and society.

Jan-Dec, 2022Volume 3, Issue 1: https://tinkatinka.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Karnal-Jail-NL.pdf

newsletter: 2021

 Tinka Tinka Jail News is a new publication of Tinka Tinka Foundation. This is a prison centric newsletter which is aimed at connecting prisons worldwide. Conceptualized by prison reformer Vartika Nanda, this newsletter will document positive stories that go unnoticed. Tinka Tinka is a movement that has been working to bridge the gap between prisons and society.

Jan-Dec, 2021 Volume 2, Issue 1 : https://tinkatinka.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Panipat-Jan-June-2021-1.pdf

newsletter: 2020

Tinka Tinka Jail News is a new publication of Tinka Tinka Foundation. This is a prison centric newsletter which is aimed at connecting prisons worldwide. Conceptualized by prison reformer Vartika Nanda, this newsletter will document positive stories that go unnoticed. Tinka Tinka is a movement that has been working to bridge the gap between prisons and society.


jan-april 2020 vol 1 issue 1 : https://tinkatinka.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/1-Tinka-Awards-2019.pdf

May-August 2020 Vol 1 Issue 2 : https://tinkatinka.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/1-Tinka-Awards-2019.pdf

Sept - Dec 2020 Vol 1 Issue 3: https://tinkatinka.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/3-Agra-Jail-Radio-Sept-Dec.pdf

Aug 4, 2025

SYLLABUS : MEDIA LAWS AND ETHICS

SYLLABUS : MEDIA LAWS AND ETHICS

UNIT – I (15 hours)

UNIT I: Ethical framework and media practice

• Freedom of expression (Article 19(1) (a) and Article 19(1)2)

• Freedom of expression and defamation- Libel and slander, Issues of privacy and

surveillance in society

• Right to Information Idea of Fair Trial/Trial by Media

• Issues of Copyright

• Media ethics and cultural dependence

• Live reporting and ethics Legality and Ethicality of Sting Operations,

• Phone Tapping etc. Ethical issues in Social media ( IT Act 2000, Sec 66 A and the

verdict of The Supreme Court )

UNIT – II (15 hours)

UNIT II: Representation, Regulation and ethics

• Advertisement and Women

• Pornography related laws and case studies- Indecent representation of Women

(Prohibition) Act,1986 and rules 1987, Protection of Women against Sexual

Harassment Bill, 2007, Sec 67 of IT Act 2000 and 292 IPC etc

• Regulatory bodies, codes and ethical guidelines

• Self-regulation, media content- Debates on morality and accountability: taste,

culture and taboo, censorship and media debates

UNIT – III (15 hours)

UNIT III: Media and Social Responsibility

• Media reportage of marginalized sections- children, Dalits, tribals, gender, differently-abled, old-aged persons.

• Media coverage of violence and related laws - inflammatory writing (IPC 353), Sedition- incitement to violence, hate Speech.

Practical component (if any) - NIL Essential/recommended readings:

1. Thakurta, Paranjoy Guha, Media Ethics, Oxford University Press, 2009 2. Barrie mc Donald and Michel petheran Media Ethics,mansell, 1998.

3. Austin Sarat Where Law Meets Popular Culture (ed.), The University of Alabama Press, 2011.

4. Vikram Raghvan, Communication Law in India, Lexis Nexis Publication, 2007

5. Iyer Vekat, Mass Media Laws and Regulations in India-Published by AMIC, 2000

6. William Mazzarella, Censorium: Cinema and the Open Edge of Mass Publicity, 2013

Suggestive readings:

1. Raminder Kaur, William Mazzarella, Censorship in South Asia: Cultural Regulation from Sedition to Seduction, 2009

2. Linda Williams, Hard Core: Power, Pleasure, and the "Frenzy of the Visible, 1999

 

First Day in College: LSR: Batch of 2028

 The first day of college is always unforgettable. Here's what the Journalism students at LSR had to say about their exciting start to campus life.

We have admitted 32 students this year. 


Aug 3, 2025

पुस्‍तक समीक्षा: Book Review: Radio in Prison: National Book Trust: Government of India

पुस्‍तक का नाम – रेडियो इन प्रिजन 

लेखिका- डा वर्तिका नंदा 

पृष्‍ठ- 200, मूल्‍य- 295,

प्रकाशक नेशनल बुक ट्रस्‍ट

समीक्षक: रामधनी द्विवेदी 

जेलों में इंद्रधनुष बनाने की कोशिश: जेल रेडियो 


जब मैं बरेली में दैनिक जागरण का संपादकीय प्रभारी था, मेरे क्राइम रिपोर्टर सीपी सिंह ने एक दिन मुझसे कहा ‘ सर चलिए आपको एक नई जगह ले चलते हैं।‘ मैने पूछा भी कि कहां तो उसने नहीं बताया। मैं उसकी मोटरसाइकिल पर ही बैठ गया और  थोड़ी देर में उसने बरेली सेंट्रल जेल के सामने बाइक रोकी। मैने पूछा ‘यहां कहां’। उसने कहा आइए तो। वह मुझे लेकर जेल सुपरिटेंडेंट के कमरे में गया। और उनको मेरा परिचय दिया। थोड़ी देर वहां रहा। बातचीत हुई। चाय बिस्‍कुट खाया। जब वहां से निकला तो पूछा’ यहां लेकर क्‍यों आए। उसने कहा’ सर, सोचा आज आपको जेल का कुछ खिला दें। लोग तो यहां रोज जेल की रोटी मांगने आते हैं।‘ मैने पूछा- ऐसा क्‍यों, तो उसने कहा ‘ जेल की रोटी खाना एक टोटका है। यदि किसी के नसीब में जेल की रोटी खाना लिखा है तो यह रोटी खा लेने से उसे जेल नहीं जाना पड़ता,ऐसी मान्‍यता है। मैं जोर से हंसा। अरे मुझे जेल क्‍यों जाना होगा। उसने कहा कि ‘मैने तो टोटका करा दिया। आपने जेल की बिस्‍कुट चाय पी ली है। अब कभी बुरे दिन आए तो जेल नहीं जाना होगा। हम लोग रोज खबरें छापते ही हैं न कि सीधे साधे और निरपराध लोग भी कभी ऐसे फंस जाते हैं कि जेल जाना ही पड़ जाता है।‘ 

जेल ऐसी जगह है कि कोई भी वहां नहीं जाना चाहता। उसका नाम ही डराता है। उसके नाम के साथ ऐसा धब्‍बा जुड़ा है कि जो भी एक बार जेल हो आया,उसे समाज अच्‍छी निगाह से नहीं देखता। लोगों की नौकरी चली जाती है। समाज में मुंह दिखाना कठिन हो जाता है। लेकिन टीवी पत्रकार, कई सम्‍मानों से अलंकृत और वर्तमान में दिल्‍ली विवि में पत्रकारिता की प्रोफेसर डा वर्तिका नंदा ने जेलों की दीवारों से दोस्‍ती की,वहां एक बार नहीं कई बार गईं,वहां के कैदियों की दशा देखी और उनके हालात सुधारने के लक्ष्‍य से अभियान शुरू किया जिसके बहुत ही सुखद परिणाम आए। उन्‍होंने  ‘तिनका तिनका फाउंडेशन’ बनाया जिसके तहत कई सुधारात्‍मक कार्य किए। उन्‍होंने इन्‍हीं अनुभवों को पुस्‍तकों के रूप में सामने रखा। उनकी चार पुस्‍तकें आ चुकी हैं जिनमें ताजा है ‘Radio In Prison’ Towards New- Age Reforms.डा नंदा पहली पत्रकार हैं जिन्‍होने जेल बीट डेवलेप की और उसकी रिपोर्टिंग की। अभी तक मीडिया में यह काम क्राइम रिपोर्टर ही करते आएं हैं।   

उन्‍होने कई जेलों को अंदर से अच्‍छी तरह देखा और आगरा की सेंट्रल जेल, हरियाणा की जेलों और देहरादून की जेल में अपने कार्य अनुभव को इस पुस्‍तक में समेटा है। उन्‍होंने बताया है कि किस तरह उनके जेल रेडियो अभियान ने कैदियों की जिंदगी को बदला और उनमें नई आशा और उर्जा का संचार किया। उनका यह प्रयास जेलों में इंद्र धनुष बनाने की कोशिश है। जिस तरह इंद्र धनुष में सात रंग होते हैं उसी तरह जेल रेडियो से उन्‍होंने कैदियों के जीवन में सूचना, शिक्षा, मनोरंजन,शोध,लेखन,कला और रचनात्‍मकता के रूप में सात रंग भरने की कोशिश की है। 



पुस्‍तक में आठ अध्‍याय हैं। पहला अध्‍याय में भारत की जेलों की स्थिति बताई गई है। इसमें आंकड़े देकर बताया गया है कि दुनिया में भारत पांचवां देश है जिसमें सबसे अधिक लोग जेलों में हैं। यहां की कुल 1400 जेलों में साढ़े पांच लाख से अधिक लोग बंद हैं। ( ये 2022 के आंकड़े हैं) दुनिया में कुल एक करोड़ से अधिक लोग जेलों में हैं। भारत के आगे अमेरिका,चीन, रूस और ब्राजील ऐसे देश हैं जहां सबसे अधिक लोग जेलों में हैं। भारत के कैदियों में सबसे अधिक 18 से 34 साल के युवा हैं। इनमें भी अधिकतर ऐसे हैं जो पहली बार जेल गए हैं। यह अध्‍याय भारत में जेलों की स्थिति,ब्रिटिश काल के जेल नियम, उनमें सुधार के लिए उठाए गए कदमों की जानकारी देता है। कुछ आंकड़े चौंकाने वाले हैं जैसे अभी तक जेलों के नियम ब्रिटिश काल में बने प्रिजन एक्‍ट के अनुसार ही हैं। 2023 में इनमें सुधार के लिए कानून बनाए गए हैं जिन्‍हें अभी लागू नहीं किया गया है। अंग्रेजों का प्रिजन एक्‍ट ही जेल मैनुअल कहा जाता है। कुछ नियम कानून राज्‍यों ने अपने बनाये हैं क्‍यों कि जेल राज्‍यों के तहत आता है। यह जानकारी भी रोचक है कि अधिकतर जेलें ब्रिटिश काल की ही बनी हैं। 

पुस्‍तक का दूसरा अध्‍याय अधिक महत्‍वपूर्ण है। इसमें जेलों में संचार की स्थिति,आपस में संपर्क के नियम-स्थितियां और उनके कैदियों पर पड़ने वाले असर का व्‍यापक विश्‍लेषण किया है और यह भी बताया है कि देश और दुनिया में कब-कब जेल की स्थितियां सुधारने के प्रयास किए गए लेकिन अभी तक उनका वांक्षित परिणाम सामने नहीं आया है। इस अध्‍याय को पढ़ते समय मुझे कई दशक पहले पढ़ी गई मेरी टाइलर की पुस्‍तक ‘ भारतीय जेलों में पांच साल’ की याद आ गई। उसमें बिहार की जेलों की जो स्थिति बताई गई है, आज भी भारतीय जेलों की कमोबेश वही हालत है। वर्तिका नंदा भी जेलों की स्थिति बताती हुई,यह भी लिखती हैं कि दुनिया के अन्‍य देशों में क्‍या स्थिति है और उनमें सुधार के लिए क्‍या नियम बने हैं। वह बैंकाक रूल्‍स को बहुत विस्‍तार से बताती हैं जिनमें कैदियों को संचार-संपर्क की सुविधा देने के लिए नियम बने हैं। वह बहादुर शाह जफर से लेकर जयप्रकाश नारायण तक की किताबों का उल्‍लेख करती हैं जिनमें जेल जीवन की कठिनाइयों की चर्चा है। भारत के अंतिम बादशाह बहादुर शाह जफर की मन:स्थिति को समझा जा सकता है जब उन्‍हें लिखने के लिए कागज कलम मुहैय्या नहीं कराई गई और उन्‍हें जेल की दीवारों पर अपनी शायरी लिखनी पड़ी। इन्‍हीं सभी कारणों ने ‘तिनका तिनका फाउंडेशन’ की नींव डाली और वर्तिका नंदा को जेल जीवन में सुधार के लिए आगे आना पड़ा। 

जेल का अकेलापन,बाहरी दुनिया से संवाद-हीनता,अपनी बात किसी से न कह पाने की विवशता कैदी को शारीरिक और मानसिक दोनों रूपों से तोड़ती है। इसी त्रासदी को दूर करने के लिए जेल रेडियो का विचार जेल सुधारकों के सामने आया। दुनिया में सबसे अधिक लोगों को जेल प्रताड़ना देने वाले ब्रिटेन ने ही इसे सबसे पहले समझा और अपने यहां जेल रेडियो शुरू किया। और अब तो भारत सहित कई देशों में यह काम हो रहा है। भारत में इसे शुरू करने का श्रेय वर्तिका नंदा को ही जाता है। उन्‍होंने इसे सामाजिक अध्‍ययन के रूप में लिया और पाया कि इससे कैदियों की एकरसता दूर होने के साथ ही दुनिया के संपर्क में आने से उनमें सकारात्‍मक सुधार आया। वह अपनी बेटी आरुषि की हत्‍या में सजा काट रही डा नुपुर तलवार और हरियाणा की महिला कैदी के अनुभव सहित कई कैदियों के अनुभव को भी केस स्‍टडी के रूप में सामने रखती हैं। वह सिर्फ जेल रेडियो के माध्‍यम से ही नहीं अन्‍य कई माध्‍यमों से भी कैदियों की मन:दशा सुधारने का काम करती हैं।  

नेल्‍सन मंडेला ने एक बार कहा था—‘ किसी देश को तब तक नहीं जाना जा सकता,जब तक उसकी जेलों को अंदर से न देखा जाए। किसी देश का आकलन इस बात से नहीं किया जाना चाहिए कि वह अपने देश के बड़े लोगों के साथ कैसा व्‍यवहार करता है, बल्कि इस बात से किया जाना चाहिए कि वह सबसे छोटे व्‍यक्ति के साथ कैसा व्‍यवहार करता है।‘ 

जेल में अपने जीवन का सर्वाधिक समय व्‍यतीत करने वाले नेल्‍शन मंडेला के नाम पर ही संयुक्‍त राष्‍ट्र संघ ने कैदियों के साथ व्‍यवहार के लिए आवश्‍यक नियम बनाये हैं जिन्‍हें मंडेला रूल्‍स कहा जाता है।इसके नियम 63 के तहत रेडिया को जेल में संचार के लिए महत्‍वपूर्ण माना गया है। यह पुस्‍तक न सिर्फ जेल को समझने में मदद करती है बल्कि वहां के माहौल को सुधारने में जेल रेडियो स्‍थापित करने और उसे कैदियों लिए उपयोगी बनाने और उनकी भागीदारी सुनिश्चित करने के लिए किए गए प्रयासों को भी रेखांकित करती है। यह पुस्‍तक समाजशास्त्रियों के साथ ही पत्रकारिता के छात्रों के लिए भी उपयोगी हो सकती है।  



Syllabus: Introduction to Journalism: Semester 1: Delhi University

Course contents:

 

Unit 1-Understanding News

  • Ingredients of news
  • News: meaning, definition, nature
  • The news process: from the event to the reader (how news is carried from event to reader)
  • Hard news vs. Soft news, basic components of a news story
  • Attribution, embargo, verification, balance and fairness, brevity, dateline, credit line, byline.

Unit 2-Different forms of print-A historical Perspective

  • Yellow journalism
  • Penny press, tabloid press
  • Language of news Robert Gunning: Principles of clear writing Rudolf Flesch 
  • formula- skills to write news

Unit 3 Understanding the structure and construction of news

  • Organising a news story, 5W's and IH, Inverted pyramid 
  • Criteria for news worthiness, principles of news selection.
  • Use of archives, sources of news, use of internet

Unit 4 Different mediums-a comparison

  • Language and principles of writing: Basic differences between the print, electronic and online journalism
  • Citizen journalism

Unit 5- Role of Media in a Democracy

  • Responsibility to Society
  • Press and Democracy
  • Ethics in journalism
  • Contemporary debates and issues relating to media

 Readings:

Bruce D. Itule and Douglas A. Anderson. News writing and reporting for today's media; McGraw Hill Publication, 2000,

M.L.. Stein, Susan Paterno& R. Christopher Burnett. News writer's Handbook: An 

Introduction to Journalism: Blackwell Publishing, 2006.

George Rodmann. Mass Media in a Changing World, Megraw Hill Publication, 2007.

Carole Flemming and Emma Hemmingway. An Introduction to Journalism; Vistaar Publications, 2006.

Richard Keeble. The Newspaper's Handbook; Routledge Publication, 2006

 Additional readings:

Vartika Nanda: Media Laws and Ethics: Kanishka: 2018

Vartika Nanda: Radio Journalism in India: Kanishka: 2018


Aug 2, 2025

Orientation Day: Department of Journalism: LSR

Date: 2nd August, 2025

The Department of Journalism, Lady Shri Ram College, Delhi University, had the honor of welcoming veteran journalist Nidhi Razdan as the chief guest for our Orientation Day. She addressed the students with grace, confidence, and infectious energy, offering thoughtful guidance on shaping their future paths. The moment was deeply moving for me—both professionally and personally. Witnessing my former colleague from NDTV, who also happens to be from my alma mater IIMC, inspiring young minds, thrive with such elegance and purpose, filled me with pride and emotion. Professor (Dr.) Vartika Nanda


Report by Malvika Anand and Ayushi Rai


The Department of Journalism hosted its orientation for the incoming batch of first-year students with a warm and spirited welcome on August 2, 2025. The session began with an address by the department union, which introduced students to the department’s environment, academic journey, and student-led culture. Their welcome set the tone for the day, helping freshers feel comfortable and excited for what lies ahead. 



Following this, they introduced the Chief Guest, Ms. Nidhi Razdan, a distinguished Indian journalist, author, and media educator with over two decades of experience in broadcast journalism.

Ms. Nidhi Razdan addressed the students with a thoughtful and encouraging talk, setting the stage for meaningful conversation around journalism and its role in today’s world. She began by sharing her thoughts on the changing face of media and why journalism continues to matter, reminding students that “having knowledge is your biggest weapon.”

After her initial remarks, she invited students to ask questions, leading to an open and engaging dialogue with the new batch. Students posed thought-provoking questions such as how one handles fear and pressure in journalistic practice, and how integrity is maintained in the face of external influences. Responding with candour, she discussed key themes such as the role of journalism in a democracy, the rise of digital and citizen journalism, the challenges posed by misinformation and fake news, and the increasing influence of artificial intelligence on media practices.

Ms. Razdan also reflected on her journey as an LSR student and fondly recalled her first reporting assignment, which she undertook under the guidance of Professor (Dr.) Vartika Nanda, now the department’s Head.



Emphasizing the importance of media literacy, the need to question narratives, and the responsibility journalists hold in an age of information overload, her responses, grounded in experience, offered clarity and inspiration to students stepping into the field.

After the engaging interaction, Ms. Razdan was felicitated by Prof. Vartika Nanda as a gesture of appreciation for her valuable insights and for taking the time to guide and inspire the new batch. 

The orientation continued with an academic overview led by the department union, where they explained the structure of the Journalism programme, covering the distinction between core and additional papers. Their clarity and enthusiasm gave the freshers a deeper understanding of what to expect academically, while also underscoring the student body's active role in departmental functioning. Faculty members then took over to elaborate on key academic policies: Ms. Sneha Bhati introduced the IPAC (Internship, Projects, Apprenticeship and Community Outreach) and the attendance policy, while Ms. Suruchi Shirish provided details about the fourth-year extension under the UGCF structure. 



Students were also introduced to various departmental platforms and initiatives that extend beyond the classroom. The department’s flagship academic fest, Juxtapose, was presented as a vibrant one-day event that brings together media, ideas, and young voices across disciplines, a space for conversation, collaboration, a bit of chaos, and a whole lot of fun. Additionally, students were informed about the department’s two major publications: CounterTalk, the annual newsletter, and The Fourth Estate, the bi-annual journal, both of which serve as avenues for student expression, editorial experience, and journalistic inquiry.

As the session progressed, the union took a moment to formally introduce the freshers to the faculty members who form the academic backbone of the department. Each faculty member extended a warm welcome and shared a few words, helping students feel more connected and reassured as they stepped into this new phase.





Jul 31, 2025

Agra Jail Radio Completes Six Transformative Years Behind Bars

Agra, July 19, 2025:
Press Release  

Agra Jail Radio Completes Six Transformative Years Behind Bars

Jail Radio in the oldest jail building in India completes 6 years: 2025

Prison radio in District Jail Agra was launched on 31 July, 2024

Major boost to inmates especially during Covid-19 

Prompted Uttar Pradesh to initiate prison radios in other jails

Inmates selected and trained by prison reformer Vartika Nanda

Training for a new batch of inmates will start soon.

A magic entered the oldest jail building in India exactly six years ago in the form of the jail radio. It was this day today in 2019 when Babloo Kumar SSP, Shashikant Mishra, Jail Superintendent, and Professor (Dr.) Vartika Nanda, Tinka Tinka Foundation inaugurated the prison radio. The radio station was established with the aim of fostering positive communication and creative engagement among inmates. What began as a modest experiment has now become a vital part of prison life.Agra Jail Radio

A Platform of Expression and Hope
The radio was set up under the guidance of the Tinka Tinka Foundation, a leading organization working for prison reforms in India. It was conceptualized by Professor Vartika Nanda, Head. Department of Journalism, Lady Shri Ram College, Delhi University. Vartika Nanda - Wikipedia She  is also the founder of the Foundation. Her vision of Radio in Prison has turned into a powerful tool for rehabilitation and reform across various prisons in the country.

How is the prison radio working today

Starting with just three inmate radio jockeys (RJs), the initiative has grown steadily over the years. Today, four inmate RJs anchor the two-hour daily programming, which includes music, storytelling, poetry, inspirational content, and educational discussions—all created and presented by the inmates themselves. The radio station has become a trusted and therapeutic space in the prison, encouraging self-reflection and personal growth.

Official bite:

Today, the jail radio is running efficiently under the leadership of Shri Hari Om Sharma, Superintendent of this jail. According to him, “ this jail radio has proven to be a boon for the incarcerated souls. This is also playing a vital role in improving their mental health. ”

Who were the radio jockeys in 2019

At the time of the launch, female inmate Tuhina, a graduate from IIM Bangalore, and male inmate Uday, a postgraduate, were made radio jockeys. Later, another inmate, Rajat, joined them. Tuhina became the first female radio jockey in the jails of Uttar Pradesh. The scripts for the radio were prepared by the inmates themselves. 

New Voice Joins the Airwaves
This year marks a new milestone with the induction of a new RJ into the team, continuing the radio's tradition of nurturing talent behind bars. The inclusion symbolizes not just growth in numbers, but also the evolving confidence and enthusiasm among inmates to participate and contribute meaningfully.
The radio’s content remains entirely inmate-driven, with training and support provided through the Tinka Tinka Foundation. Prison authorities have also acknowledged the initiative’s role in improving mental health, reducing conflict, and building a sense of community in the jail.

Jail Radio and the research: 

Vartika Nanda’s research on the “Study of the condition of women inmates and their children in Indian Prisons and their communication needs with special reference to Uttar Pradesh” was evaluated as OUTSTANDING by ICSSR. This was released in Lucknow by Shri Manoj Kumar Singh (IAS), Chief Secretary, Uttar Pradesh and Shri P. V. Rama Sastry, Director General of Police/Inspector General Prison, Prison Administration and Reform Services, Uttar Pradesh in 2024.Jail Radio: Uttar Pradesh – Tinka Tinka Prison Reforms. Interestingly, Agra Jail Radio is an important part of this research. Also, Radio in Prison, published by NBT in 2024, also has this jail radio at its centre.Radio in Prison – Tinka Tinka Prison Reforms. This book was released by NBT Chairman Milind Sudhakar Marathe, along with Kumar Vikram, NBT’s Editor-in-Chief, PN Pandey, DIG Prisons (Agra Range), Mehak Kasbekar, Editor-in-Chief of Brut India, and Dr. Nanda herself in a grand ceremony at the international book fair in New Delhi in 2024. 

 Story in UP Tak: Agra Jail Radio: https://www.uptak.in/neighbouring-news/agra/story/4-prisoners-became-rjs-2-hour-program-the-full-story-of-the-amazing-6-years-of-jail-radio-in-agra-3194049-2025-07-31
.......................

Agra Jail Radio: 6 years of systematic communication in the oldest jail building of India

t’s 1:30 PM in District Jail, Agra—a quiet hum fills the air as Uday, Prevendra, Bharat, and Kuldeep step into a familiar room where time transforms into connection and creativity. For the next three hours, this space is their sanctuary—a place they eagerly return to day after day.

🎙️ Welcome to the Jail Radio Room, nestled deep within the walls of this correctional facility in Uttar Pradesh. It’s not just a room—it’s a heartbeat of possibility. Here, incarcerated voices find rhythm, stories take flight, and prisoners become storytellers, broadcasters, and beacons of change. The microphone gives them something rare: a platform to express, to heal, and to hope.

Conceived and executed by India’s leading prison reformer, Prof. Vartika Nanda, this pioneering initiative was inaugurated on July 31, 2019 by  Babloo Kumar (IPS), SSP,  Agra and Shashikant Mishra, Jail Superintendent.

 When COVID-19 struck India, a nationwide ban on jail visitations was imposed—cutting incarcerated individuals off from their families and the outside world. It was during this period of isolation that the transformative power of prison radio was profoundly realized.

📻 In the absence of physical connections, radio emerged as a lifeline. Within the prison walls, it became the primary source of information, reassurance, and entertainment—offering comfort to countless souls navigating uncertainty behind bars.

✨ It was amid this backdrop that the Tinka Model of Prison Radio began to take shape—an innovative concept driven by the need for emotional resilience and constructive engagement.

Later, in 2024, a detailed research report titled, “Study of the condition of women inmates and their children in Indian Prisons and their communication needs with special reference to Uttar Pradesh” conducted under the Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), was released in Lucknow by Shri Manoj Kumar Singh (IAS), Chief Secretary, Uttar Pradesh and Shri P. V. Rama Sastry, Director General of Police/Inspector General Prison, Prison Administration and Reform Services, Uttar Pradesh.

Today, Jail Radio at District Jail, Agra stands as an integral pillar of daily life within the prison—no longer a novelty, but a deeply embedded channel of communication, reflection, and reform.

📚 This transformation has been captured in the book Radio in Prison, published by National Book Trust (NBT), India in 2024. The book places Agra's Jail Radio at the heart of its narrative and highlights how the initiative has reshaped prison culture. It has contributed in the improving the mental well-being of inmates and has given them a creative engagement apart from providing them a much-needed identity.  Staff and inmates alike participate, promoting unity and positive communication within the prison ecosystem through this jail radio. 

Interestingly, this radio paved the way for establishing prison radios in Haryana and in District Jail, Uttarakhand by Tinka Tinka Foundation. Today, these jails have a better way of communicating with each other. 

Links: 
Jail Radio: Uttar Pradesh – Tinka Tinka Prison Reforms
आगरा जेल रेडियो। तिनका तिनका फाउंडेशन। Voices behind Bars। District Jail, Agra। Uttar Pradesh - YouTube
Agra Jail Radio: For the inmates, by the inmates।Jail। Vartika Nanda - YouTube


Jul 27, 2025

Radio in Prison: Report on the book release: 03.03.2025

दिनांक: 03-02-2025

स्थान: विश्व पुस्तक मेला, प्रगति मैदान

आयोजक: नेशनल बुक ट्रस्ट (NBT) और तिनका तिनका फाउंडेशन

मुख्य अतिथि:

  • मिलिंद सुधाकर मराठे (अध्यक्ष, NBT)

  • कुमार विक्रम (प्रधान संपादक, NBT)

  • श्री पी.एन. पांडे (डीआईजीxxx, आगरा रेंज)

  • सुश्री महेक कस्बेकर (प्रधान संपादक एवं पत्रकार, ब्रूट इंडिया)

  • डॉ. वर्तिका नंदा (लेखिका, जेल सुधारक एवं तिनका तिनका फाउंडेशन की संस्थापक)


नेशनल बुक ट्रस्ट (NBT) और तिनका तिनका फाउंडेशन के संयुक्त तत्वावधान में "रेडियो इन प्रिजन" पुस्तक का विमोचन किया गया। यह भारत में जेल रेडियो पर लिखी गई पहली पुस्तक है, जिसे जेल सुधारक और मीडिया शिक्षिका डॉ. वर्तिका नंदा ने लिखा है। इस पुस्तक में जेलों में रेडियो की भूमिका, कैदियों के मानसिक स्वास्थ्य पर इसके प्रभाव और जेल सुधार में मीडिया के योगदान को विस्तार से बताया गया है।

कार्यक्रम में NBT अध्यक्ष मिलिंद सुधाकर मराठे, प्रधान संपादक कुमार विक्रम, आगरा रेंज के डीआईजी जेल, श्री पी.एन. पांडे, ब्रूट इंडिया की प्रधान संपादक एवं पत्रकार सुश्री महेक कस्बेकर और लेखिका डॉ. वर्तिका नंदा उपस्थित रहे। अपने स्वागत भाषण में NBT अध्यक्ष मिलिंद सुधाकर मराठे ने इस पुस्तक के महत्व को रेखांकित करते हुए कहा कि यह न केवल जेलों में हो रहे सकारात्मक बदलावों को सामने लाती है, बल्कि समाज को भी इस विषय पर सोचने के लिए प्रेरित करती है।

पुस्तक विमोचन के बाद "तिनका जेल रेडियो" पर आधारित एक विशेष वीडियो प्रस्तुत किया गया, जिसमें जेल रेडियो की यात्रा और "रेडियो इन प्रिजन" पुस्तक के निर्माण की कहानी को दर्शाया गया। वीडियो की पृष्ठभूमि में डॉ. सुचित नारंग (दृष्टिबाधित कैदी, जिला जेल, देहरादून) द्वारा रचित और गाया गया एक भावनात्मक गीत बजाया गया, जिसने दर्शकों को गहरे स्तर पर प्रभावित किया।

कार्यक्रम का संचालन सुश्री महेक कस्बेकर ने किया। चर्चा के दौरान उन्होंने डॉ. वर्तिका नंदा से पूछा कि भारतीय जेलों में "तिनका जेल पत्रकारिता" की अवधारणा कितनी अनूठी है और इसका कैदियों के मानसिक स्वास्थ्य एवं पुनर्वास पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ता है? इस पर डॉ. नंदा ने बताया कि जेल रेडियो एक ऐसा माध्यम बन गया है, जिसने कैदियों को संवाद करने, अपनी कहानियाँ साझा करने और अपनी रचनात्मकता को व्यक्त करने का अवसर दिया है। उन्होंने बताया कि यह पहल विशेष रूप से कोविड-19 महामारी के दौरान बेहद प्रभावी साबित हुई, जब कैदी बाहरी दुनिया से कटा हुआ महसूस कर रहे थे।

डॉ. नंदा ने इस बात पर जोर दिया कि जेल रेडियो, पॉडकास्ट, जेल पुरस्कार और जेल जीवन पर लिखी गई पुस्तकों ने जेलों के अनदेखे पहलुओं को उजागर करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई है। उन्होंने कहा कि इस पहल के कारण जेलों में अवसाद, आक्रामकता और आत्म-नुकसान की घटनाओं में कमी आई है, क्योंकि यह कैदियों को रचनात्मक अभिव्यक्ति का मंच प्रदान करता है।

आगरा रेंज के डीआईजी JAIL श्री पी.एन. पांडे ने घोषणा की कि जल्द ही उत्तर प्रदेश की जेलों में नए जेल रेडियो स्टेशन शुरू किए जाएंगे। उन्होंने यह भी बताया कि यूपी की जेलों में पहले से ही डॉ. वर्तिका नंदा द्वारा महिला कैदियों और उनके बच्चों की संचार आवश्यकताओं पर दी गई सिफारिशों को लागू किया जा चुका है। इस शोध को ICSSR के तहत किया गया था और इसे उत्कृष्ट माना गया था। अगस्त 2024 में उत्तर प्रदेश के मुख्य सचिव, श्री मनोज कुमार सिंह और जेल महानिदेशक श्री पी.वी. रामासास्त्री द्वारा इसे जारी किया गया था।

इस महत्वपूर्ण कार्यक्रम में लेडी श्रीराम कॉलेज (LSR) के पत्रकारिता विभाग के छात्रों ने भी सक्रिय रूप से भाग लिया। उन्होंने अतिथियों के साथ संवाद किया और जेल सुधार में मीडिया की भूमिका पर विचार-विमर्श किया।

कार्यक्रम के अंत में डॉ. वर्तिका नंदा ने अपने अनुभव साझा करते हुए कहा कि जेल की उनकी विविध यात्राएं उन्हें स्वतंत्रता के वास्तविक महत्व को समझने का अवसर देती है—एक ऐसी चीज़ जिसे हम अक्सर हल्के में ले लेते हैं। 

चर्चा के दौरान पैनल ने दर्शकों की प्रतिक्रियाएँ भी सुनीं और इस बात पर सहमति जताई कि "रेडियो इन प्रिजन" एक महत्वपूर्ण पुस्तक है, जो आम नागरिकों को जेल जीवन की वास्तविकताओं से जोड़ने और इस विषय पर अधिक संवेदनशील बनाने का माध्यम बन सकती है।



"रेडियो इन प्रिजन" पुस्तक का विमोचन जेल सुधार की दिशा में एक ऐतिहासिक कदम साबित हुआ है। इस कार्यक्रम ने जेलों में रेडियो की भूमिका और उसके सुधारात्मक प्रभाव को उजागर करने का महत्वपूर्ण अवसर प्रदान किया। यह स्पष्ट होता है कि मीडिया, विशेष रूप से रेडियो, कैदियों के मानसिक एवं सामाजिक पुनर्वास में एक प्रभावशाली माध्यम बन सकता है। "रेडियो इन प्रिजन" केवल एक किताब नहीं, बल्कि जेल सुधार और कैदियों के पुनर्वास की दिशा में उठाया गया एक सशक्त कदम है।

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